Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance
Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine res...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.736597/full |
| _version_ | 1818922913526448128 |
|---|---|
| author | Jürgen Dittmer |
| author_facet | Jürgen Dittmer |
| author_sort | Jürgen Dittmer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance) compromises the efficiency of this treatment and requires additional measures. Endocrine resistance is often caused by deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities allowing inhibitors of these factors to be used clinically to counteract endocrine resistance. The nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are beginning to emerge. Exploring these mechanisms may reveal additional druggable targets, which could help to further improve patients’ outcome in an endocrine resistance setting. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge on the nuclear mechanisms linked to endocrine resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:01:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33e3a79c827f4727b6f543b70344c417 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:01:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-33e3a79c827f4727b6f543b70344c4172022-12-21T19:57:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2021-09-011110.3389/fonc.2021.736597736597Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine ResistanceJürgen DittmerEndocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance) compromises the efficiency of this treatment and requires additional measures. Endocrine resistance is often caused by deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities allowing inhibitors of these factors to be used clinically to counteract endocrine resistance. The nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are beginning to emerge. Exploring these mechanisms may reveal additional druggable targets, which could help to further improve patients’ outcome in an endocrine resistance setting. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge on the nuclear mechanisms linked to endocrine resistance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.736597/fullfulvestranttamoxifenestrogen receptortranscription factorschromatin accessibilitytranscriptional reprogramming |
| spellingShingle | Jürgen Dittmer Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance Frontiers in Oncology fulvestrant tamoxifen estrogen receptor transcription factors chromatin accessibility transcriptional reprogramming |
| title | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
| title_full | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
| title_short | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
| title_sort | nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance |
| topic | fulvestrant tamoxifen estrogen receptor transcription factors chromatin accessibility transcriptional reprogramming |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.736597/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jurgendittmer nuclearmechanismsinvolvedinendocrineresistance |