<i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> Pathways
<i>Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1)</i> encodes SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14 (SPL14) with a pleiotropic effect on regulating rice development and biotic stress responses. To investigate the role of <i>IPA1</i> in early seedling development, we developed a pair o...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6605 |
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| author | Yonggang He Menghao Zhu Zhihui Li Shan Jiang Zijun He Shuang Xu Xiangsong Chen Zhongli Hu Zhihong Zhang |
| author_facet | Yonggang He Menghao Zhu Zhihui Li Shan Jiang Zijun He Shuang Xu Xiangsong Chen Zhongli Hu Zhihong Zhang |
| author_sort | Yonggang He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1)</i> encodes SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14 (SPL14) with a pleiotropic effect on regulating rice development and biotic stress responses. To investigate the role of <i>IPA1</i> in early seedling development, we developed a pair of <i>IPA1</i>/<i>ipal</i>-NILs and found that seed germination and early seedling growth were retarded in the <i>ipa1</i>-NIL. Analysis of the soluble sugar content, activity of amylase, and expression of the <i>α</i>-amylase genes revealed that the starch metabolism was weakened in the <i>ipa1</i>-NIL germinating seeds. Additionally, the content of bioactive gibberellin (GA) was significantly lower than that in the <i>IPA1</i>-NIL seeds at 48 h of imbibition. Meanwhile, the expression of GA synthesis-related gene <i>OsGA20ox1</i> was downregulated, whereas the expression of GA inactivation-related genes was upregulated in <i>ipa1</i>-NIL seeds. In addition, the expression of <i>OsWRKY51</i> and <i>OsWRKY71</i> was significantly upregulated in <i>ipa1</i>-NIL seeds. Using transient dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays, IPA1 was found to directly activate the expression of <i>OsWRKY51</i> and <i>OsWRKY71</i>, which would interfere with the binding affinity of GA-induced transcription factor OsGAMYB to inhibit the expression of <i>α</i>-amylase genes. In summary, our results suggest that <i>IPA1</i> negatively regulates seed germination and early seedling growth by interfering with starch metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> pathways. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:14:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-33e73d61f67445eca3e01bacc420e2cc2023-11-22T00:57:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-012212660510.3390/ijms22126605<i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> PathwaysYonggang He0Menghao Zhu1Zhihui Li2Shan Jiang3Zijun He4Shuang Xu5Xiangsong Chen6Zhongli Hu7Zhihong Zhang8State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China<i>Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1)</i> encodes SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14 (SPL14) with a pleiotropic effect on regulating rice development and biotic stress responses. To investigate the role of <i>IPA1</i> in early seedling development, we developed a pair of <i>IPA1</i>/<i>ipal</i>-NILs and found that seed germination and early seedling growth were retarded in the <i>ipa1</i>-NIL. Analysis of the soluble sugar content, activity of amylase, and expression of the <i>α</i>-amylase genes revealed that the starch metabolism was weakened in the <i>ipa1</i>-NIL germinating seeds. Additionally, the content of bioactive gibberellin (GA) was significantly lower than that in the <i>IPA1</i>-NIL seeds at 48 h of imbibition. Meanwhile, the expression of GA synthesis-related gene <i>OsGA20ox1</i> was downregulated, whereas the expression of GA inactivation-related genes was upregulated in <i>ipa1</i>-NIL seeds. In addition, the expression of <i>OsWRKY51</i> and <i>OsWRKY71</i> was significantly upregulated in <i>ipa1</i>-NIL seeds. Using transient dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays, IPA1 was found to directly activate the expression of <i>OsWRKY51</i> and <i>OsWRKY71</i>, which would interfere with the binding affinity of GA-induced transcription factor OsGAMYB to inhibit the expression of <i>α</i>-amylase genes. In summary, our results suggest that <i>IPA1</i> negatively regulates seed germination and early seedling growth by interfering with starch metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6605rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)seed germination<i>IPA1</i>/<i>OsSPL14</i>gibberellin (GA)<i>WRKY</i> |
| spellingShingle | Yonggang He Menghao Zhu Zhihui Li Shan Jiang Zijun He Shuang Xu Xiangsong Chen Zhongli Hu Zhihong Zhang <i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> Pathways International Journal of Molecular Sciences rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) seed germination <i>IPA1</i>/<i>OsSPL14</i> gibberellin (GA) <i>WRKY</i> |
| title | <i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> Pathways |
| title_full | <i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> Pathways |
| title_fullStr | <i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> Pathways |
| title_short | <i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> Pathways |
| title_sort | i ipa1 i negatively regulates early rice seedling development by interfering with starch metabolism via the ga and i wrky i pathways |
| topic | rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) seed germination <i>IPA1</i>/<i>OsSPL14</i> gibberellin (GA) <i>WRKY</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6605 |
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