Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent underdiagnosed disorder whose incidence increases with age and weight. Uniquely characterised by frequent breathing interruptions during sleep—known as intermittent hypoxia (IH)—OSA disrupts the circadian rhythm. Patients with OSA have repeated episodes...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6807 |
| _version_ | 1797607715189555200 |
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| author | Abdulmohsen Alterki Mohamed Abu-Farha Eman Al Shawaf Fahd Al-Mulla Jehad Abubaker |
| author_facet | Abdulmohsen Alterki Mohamed Abu-Farha Eman Al Shawaf Fahd Al-Mulla Jehad Abubaker |
| author_sort | Abdulmohsen Alterki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent underdiagnosed disorder whose incidence increases with age and weight. Uniquely characterised by frequent breathing interruptions during sleep—known as intermittent hypoxia (IH)—OSA disrupts the circadian rhythm. Patients with OSA have repeated episodes of hypoxia and reoxygenation, leading to systemic consequences. OSA consequences range from apparent symptoms like excessive daytime sleepiness, neurocognitive deterioration and decreased quality of life to pathological complications characterised by elevated biomarkers linked to endocrine-metabolic and cardiovascular changes. OSA is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, OSA is linked to other conditions that worsen cardiovascular outcomes, such as obesity. The relationship between OSA and obesity is complex and reciprocal, involving interaction between biological and lifestyle factors. The pathogenesis of both OSA and obesity involve oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The current medical practice uses continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the gold standard tool to manage OSA. It has been shown to improve symptoms and cardiac function, reduce cardiovascular risk and normalise biomarkers. Nonetheless, a full understanding of the factors involved in the deleterious effects of OSA and the best methods to eliminate their occurrence are still poorly understood. In this review, we present the factors and evidence linking OSA to increased risk of cardiovascular conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:33:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33f35e8bd2864c859180bc9a43620405 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:33:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-33f35e8bd2864c859180bc9a436204052023-11-17T16:56:20ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01247680710.3390/ijms24076807Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic DiseasesAbdulmohsen Alterki0Mohamed Abu-Farha1Eman Al Shawaf2Fahd Al-Mulla3Jehad Abubaker4Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Zain and Al Sabah Hospitals and Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, KuwaitDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, KuwaitObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent underdiagnosed disorder whose incidence increases with age and weight. Uniquely characterised by frequent breathing interruptions during sleep—known as intermittent hypoxia (IH)—OSA disrupts the circadian rhythm. Patients with OSA have repeated episodes of hypoxia and reoxygenation, leading to systemic consequences. OSA consequences range from apparent symptoms like excessive daytime sleepiness, neurocognitive deterioration and decreased quality of life to pathological complications characterised by elevated biomarkers linked to endocrine-metabolic and cardiovascular changes. OSA is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, OSA is linked to other conditions that worsen cardiovascular outcomes, such as obesity. The relationship between OSA and obesity is complex and reciprocal, involving interaction between biological and lifestyle factors. The pathogenesis of both OSA and obesity involve oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The current medical practice uses continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as the gold standard tool to manage OSA. It has been shown to improve symptoms and cardiac function, reduce cardiovascular risk and normalise biomarkers. Nonetheless, a full understanding of the factors involved in the deleterious effects of OSA and the best methods to eliminate their occurrence are still poorly understood. In this review, we present the factors and evidence linking OSA to increased risk of cardiovascular conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6807obstructive sleep apnoeainflammationcardiovascular diseaseCPAPreactive oxygen specieshypoxia-inducible factor-1 |
| spellingShingle | Abdulmohsen Alterki Mohamed Abu-Farha Eman Al Shawaf Fahd Al-Mulla Jehad Abubaker Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases International Journal of Molecular Sciences obstructive sleep apnoea inflammation cardiovascular disease CPAP reactive oxygen species hypoxia-inducible factor-1 |
| title | Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases |
| title_full | Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases |
| title_short | Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases |
| title_sort | investigating the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea inflammation and cardio metabolic diseases |
| topic | obstructive sleep apnoea inflammation cardiovascular disease CPAP reactive oxygen species hypoxia-inducible factor-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6807 |
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