Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management
Pediatric melanoma is the most common skin cancer in children. However, it is extremely rare this population, being even rarer in younger than 10 years of age. Its diagnosis is often difficult, due to its rarity and atypical presentations. There are three main subtypes of pediatric melanoma: Spitzoi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1197 |
| _version_ | 1818209923620667392 |
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| author | J. M. Neves B. Duarte M. J. Paiva Lopes |
| author_facet | J. M. Neves B. Duarte M. J. Paiva Lopes |
| author_sort | J. M. Neves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pediatric melanoma is the most common skin cancer in children. However, it is extremely rare this population, being even rarer in younger than 10 years of age. Its diagnosis is often difficult, due to its rarity and atypical presentations. There are three main subtypes of pediatric melanoma: Spitzoid melanoma, melanoma arising in a congenital melanocytic nevus and conventional melanoma. Congenital melanomas exist and are exceptionally rare, although they do not constitute a different subtype of melanoma. Spitzoid melanoma is the most common subtype affecting children younger than 11 years. Despite presenting with local aggressive features and frequent nodal involvement, it encompasses an excellent prognosis. The risk of malignant transformation of congenital melanocytic nevi varies widely accordingly to the projected adult size, number, and concomitant abnormalities found in the central nervous system. The surveillance and treatment of melanoma arising in a congenital melanocytic nevus is challenging, enclosing poor outcomes. In adolescents, the most common subtype is the conventional (adult-type). Contrary to the adult population, the majority of conventional pediatric melanoma arises from previous nevi but follows the general adult epidemiology and risk factors. Specific guidelines for management of pediatric melanoma do not exist and it is treated similarly to melanoma in the adult. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T05:08:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33f585a02fe34a5fb28b36279e7cdd1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2182-2395 2182-2409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T05:08:25Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia |
| spelling | doaj.art-33f585a02fe34a5fb28b36279e7cdd1f2022-12-22T00:37:01ZengSociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e VenereologiaRevista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia2182-23952182-24092020-07-0178210.29021/spdv.78.2.1197Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and ManagementJ. M. Neves0B. Duarte1M. J. Paiva Lopes2Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, PortugalPediatric melanoma is the most common skin cancer in children. However, it is extremely rare this population, being even rarer in younger than 10 years of age. Its diagnosis is often difficult, due to its rarity and atypical presentations. There are three main subtypes of pediatric melanoma: Spitzoid melanoma, melanoma arising in a congenital melanocytic nevus and conventional melanoma. Congenital melanomas exist and are exceptionally rare, although they do not constitute a different subtype of melanoma. Spitzoid melanoma is the most common subtype affecting children younger than 11 years. Despite presenting with local aggressive features and frequent nodal involvement, it encompasses an excellent prognosis. The risk of malignant transformation of congenital melanocytic nevi varies widely accordingly to the projected adult size, number, and concomitant abnormalities found in the central nervous system. The surveillance and treatment of melanoma arising in a congenital melanocytic nevus is challenging, enclosing poor outcomes. In adolescents, the most common subtype is the conventional (adult-type). Contrary to the adult population, the majority of conventional pediatric melanoma arises from previous nevi but follows the general adult epidemiology and risk factors. Specific guidelines for management of pediatric melanoma do not exist and it is treated similarly to melanoma in the adult.https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1197Melanoma/diagnosisMelanoma/epidemiologyMelanoma/etiologyMelanoma/therapyNevus, Epithelioid and Spindle CellNevus, Pigmented |
| spellingShingle | J. M. Neves B. Duarte M. J. Paiva Lopes Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia Melanoma/diagnosis Melanoma/epidemiology Melanoma/etiology Melanoma/therapy Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell Nevus, Pigmented |
| title | Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management |
| title_full | Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management |
| title_fullStr | Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management |
| title_short | Pediatric Melanoma: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management |
| title_sort | pediatric melanoma epidemiology pathogenesis diagnosis and management |
| topic | Melanoma/diagnosis Melanoma/epidemiology Melanoma/etiology Melanoma/therapy Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell Nevus, Pigmented |
| url | https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1197 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jmneves pediatricmelanomaepidemiologypathogenesisdiagnosisandmanagement AT bduarte pediatricmelanomaepidemiologypathogenesisdiagnosisandmanagement AT mjpaivalopes pediatricmelanomaepidemiologypathogenesisdiagnosisandmanagement |