Consolidation and Dehydration of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Site Huaguangjiao No.1
The Huaguangjiao I is an ancient Chinese wooden shipwreck from the South Song Dynasty (AD 1127–1279) discovered in the South China Sea in 1996. The first phase of its conservation, desalination and desulfurization, was completed in 2016. In this paper, three archaeological wood samples exhibiting di...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/11/1919 |
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| author | Xinyou Liu Xinwei Tu Wanrong Ma Changjun Zhang Houyi Huang Anca Maria Varodi |
| author_facet | Xinyou Liu Xinwei Tu Wanrong Ma Changjun Zhang Houyi Huang Anca Maria Varodi |
| author_sort | Xinyou Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Huaguangjiao I is an ancient Chinese wooden shipwreck from the South Song Dynasty (AD 1127–1279) discovered in the South China Sea in 1996. The first phase of its conservation, desalination and desulfurization, was completed in 2016. In this paper, three archaeological wood samples exhibiting different degrees of deterioration from Huaguangjiao No. 1 were consolidated with PEG-4000 and dehydrated via freeze drying and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> drying methods. The dimensional stability, hygroscopicity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the effects of consolidation and dehydration. The results showed that PEG4000 was an efficient consolidation material that also effectively decreased shrinkage during dehydration. Furthermore, both vacuum-freeze and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> drying were efficient methods for treating waterlogged archaeological wood. After PEG4000 impregnation, the shrinkage percentage of the waterlogged archaeological wood became slightly lower than sound wood. The moisture absorption of the experimental specimens ranged within 3.35%–4.53%, and they comprised 50% sound wood, resulting in a marked improvement in dimensional stability. FTIR spectra indicated that impregnation improved wood dimensional stability by reducing hydrophilic groups. These results show that this method can effectively treat waterlogged wood for preservation purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:19:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-33fc8cdb46dd4d60aa16a447d964a710 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:19:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-33fc8cdb46dd4d60aa16a447d964a7102023-11-24T08:24:04ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-11-011311191910.3390/f13111919Consolidation and Dehydration of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Site Huaguangjiao No.1Xinyou Liu0Xinwei Tu1Wanrong Ma2Changjun Zhang3Houyi Huang4Anca Maria Varodi5Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Furnishing and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Str. Longpan No.159, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Furnishing and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Str. Longpan No.159, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Furnishing and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Str. Longpan No.159, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Furnishing and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Str. Longpan No.159, Nanjing 210037, ChinaFaculty of Furniture Design and Wood Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brasov, RomaniaThe Huaguangjiao I is an ancient Chinese wooden shipwreck from the South Song Dynasty (AD 1127–1279) discovered in the South China Sea in 1996. The first phase of its conservation, desalination and desulfurization, was completed in 2016. In this paper, three archaeological wood samples exhibiting different degrees of deterioration from Huaguangjiao No. 1 were consolidated with PEG-4000 and dehydrated via freeze drying and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> drying methods. The dimensional stability, hygroscopicity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the effects of consolidation and dehydration. The results showed that PEG4000 was an efficient consolidation material that also effectively decreased shrinkage during dehydration. Furthermore, both vacuum-freeze and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> drying were efficient methods for treating waterlogged archaeological wood. After PEG4000 impregnation, the shrinkage percentage of the waterlogged archaeological wood became slightly lower than sound wood. The moisture absorption of the experimental specimens ranged within 3.35%–4.53%, and they comprised 50% sound wood, resulting in a marked improvement in dimensional stability. FTIR spectra indicated that impregnation improved wood dimensional stability by reducing hydrophilic groups. These results show that this method can effectively treat waterlogged wood for preservation purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/11/1919dehydrationconsolidationancient woodshipwrecksupercritical CO<sub>2</sub> dryingvacuum-freeze drying |
| spellingShingle | Xinyou Liu Xinwei Tu Wanrong Ma Changjun Zhang Houyi Huang Anca Maria Varodi Consolidation and Dehydration of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Site Huaguangjiao No.1 Forests dehydration consolidation ancient wood shipwreck supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> drying vacuum-freeze drying |
| title | Consolidation and Dehydration of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Site Huaguangjiao No.1 |
| title_full | Consolidation and Dehydration of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Site Huaguangjiao No.1 |
| title_fullStr | Consolidation and Dehydration of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Site Huaguangjiao No.1 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Consolidation and Dehydration of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Site Huaguangjiao No.1 |
| title_short | Consolidation and Dehydration of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood from Site Huaguangjiao No.1 |
| title_sort | consolidation and dehydration of waterlogged archaeological wood from site huaguangjiao no 1 |
| topic | dehydration consolidation ancient wood shipwreck supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> drying vacuum-freeze drying |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/11/1919 |
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