Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response
Abstract This study describes the chemical conversion and heat treatment of Ti6Al4V microspheres (Ti6_MS), and the resulting effects on their electrocatalytic properties. The wet‐chemical conversion (5.0 m NaOH, 60 °C, 24 h; Sample label: Ti6_TC) converts the top surface of the Ti6_MS powder into an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Advanced Materials Interfaces |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202201523 |
| _version_ | 1797772443175092224 |
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| author | Matthew D. Wadge Matthew A. Bird Andrzej Sankowski Hannah Constantin Michael W. Fay Timothy P. Cooper James N. O'Shea Andrei N. Khlobystov Darren A. Walsh Lee R. Johnson Reda M. Felfel Ifty Ahmed David M. Grant |
| author_facet | Matthew D. Wadge Matthew A. Bird Andrzej Sankowski Hannah Constantin Michael W. Fay Timothy P. Cooper James N. O'Shea Andrei N. Khlobystov Darren A. Walsh Lee R. Johnson Reda M. Felfel Ifty Ahmed David M. Grant |
| author_sort | Matthew D. Wadge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study describes the chemical conversion and heat treatment of Ti6Al4V microspheres (Ti6_MS), and the resulting effects on their electrocatalytic properties. The wet‐chemical conversion (5.0 m NaOH, 60 °C, 24 h; Sample label: Ti6_TC) converts the top surface of the Ti6_MS powder into an ≈820 nm thick sodium titanate surface. Heat‐treatment (Ti6_TC_HT) at 450 °C increases the stability of the surface, through partial titanate crystallization, while mitigating excess rutile formation. All samples are analyzed chemically (XPS, EDX, Raman, EELS), structurally (XRD and TEM), and morphologically (SEM, TEM), demonstrating the characteristic formation of sodium titanate dendritic structures, with minimal chemical, structural, and morphological differences due to the 450 °C heat‐treatment. The effect of the preparation methodology on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic performance is also tested. The introduction of the sodium titanate layer changes the mechanism of the ORR, from a mixed 4 electron/2 electron pathway to a predominantly 2‐electron pathway. By maintaining the microspherical nature of the material while also tuning the surface of the material toward different reaction mechanisms, a design strategy for new electrocatalyst materials is explored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:51:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-340ad7ab52374e09a6750251001cbd48 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2196-7350 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T21:51:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Materials Interfaces |
| spelling | doaj.art-340ad7ab52374e09a6750251001cbd482023-07-26T01:36:05ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Materials Interfaces2196-73502023-02-01105n/an/a10.1002/admi.202201523Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic ResponseMatthew D. Wadge0Matthew A. Bird1Andrzej Sankowski2Hannah Constantin3Michael W. Fay4Timothy P. Cooper5James N. O'Shea6Andrei N. Khlobystov7Darren A. Walsh8Lee R. Johnson9Reda M. Felfel10Ifty Ahmed11David M. Grant12Advanced Materials Research Group Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UKNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces Group GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Nottingham NG7 2TU UKNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces Group GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Nottingham NG7 2TU UKAdvanced Materials Research Group Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UKNanoscale and Microscale Research Centre (nmRC) University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UKAdvanced Component Engineering Laboratory Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG8 1BB UKSchool of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UKNanoscale and Microscale Research Centre (nmRC) University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UKNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces Group GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Nottingham NG7 2TU UKNottingham Applied Materials and Interfaces Group GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus Nottingham NG7 2TU UKAdvanced Materials Research Group Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UKAdvanced Materials Research Group Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UKAdvanced Materials Research Group Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UKAbstract This study describes the chemical conversion and heat treatment of Ti6Al4V microspheres (Ti6_MS), and the resulting effects on their electrocatalytic properties. The wet‐chemical conversion (5.0 m NaOH, 60 °C, 24 h; Sample label: Ti6_TC) converts the top surface of the Ti6_MS powder into an ≈820 nm thick sodium titanate surface. Heat‐treatment (Ti6_TC_HT) at 450 °C increases the stability of the surface, through partial titanate crystallization, while mitigating excess rutile formation. All samples are analyzed chemically (XPS, EDX, Raman, EELS), structurally (XRD and TEM), and morphologically (SEM, TEM), demonstrating the characteristic formation of sodium titanate dendritic structures, with minimal chemical, structural, and morphological differences due to the 450 °C heat‐treatment. The effect of the preparation methodology on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic performance is also tested. The introduction of the sodium titanate layer changes the mechanism of the ORR, from a mixed 4 electron/2 electron pathway to a predominantly 2‐electron pathway. By maintaining the microspherical nature of the material while also tuning the surface of the material toward different reaction mechanisms, a design strategy for new electrocatalyst materials is explored.https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202201523alkaline ORRalkaline titanatenanoporous surfacesTi6Al4V microsphereswet‐chemical conversion |
| spellingShingle | Matthew D. Wadge Matthew A. Bird Andrzej Sankowski Hannah Constantin Michael W. Fay Timothy P. Cooper James N. O'Shea Andrei N. Khlobystov Darren A. Walsh Lee R. Johnson Reda M. Felfel Ifty Ahmed David M. Grant Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response Advanced Materials Interfaces alkaline ORR alkaline titanate nanoporous surfaces Ti6Al4V microspheres wet‐chemical conversion |
| title | Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response |
| title_full | Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response |
| title_fullStr | Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response |
| title_short | Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response |
| title_sort | nanostructured alkaline titanate converted and heat treated ti6al4v microspheres via wet chemical alkaline modification and their orr electrocatalytic response |
| topic | alkaline ORR alkaline titanate nanoporous surfaces Ti6Al4V microspheres wet‐chemical conversion |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202201523 |
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