Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women
Postmenopausal women (PMW) may experience endothelial dysfunction associated with arginine (ARG) deficiency relative to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) caused by oxidative stress. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to increased blood pressure (BP) responsiveness to sympathoexcitation induced by...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1557 |
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| author | Arturo Figueroa Arun Maharaj Yejin Kang Katherine N. Dillon Mauricio A. Martinez Masahiko Morita Dai Nogimura Stephen M. Fischer |
| author_facet | Arturo Figueroa Arun Maharaj Yejin Kang Katherine N. Dillon Mauricio A. Martinez Masahiko Morita Dai Nogimura Stephen M. Fischer |
| author_sort | Arturo Figueroa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Postmenopausal women (PMW) may experience endothelial dysfunction associated with arginine (ARG) deficiency relative to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) caused by oxidative stress. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to increased blood pressure (BP) responsiveness to sympathoexcitation induced by the cold pressor test (CPT). We investigated the effects of citrulline alone (CIT) and combined with the antioxidant glutathione (CIT+GSH) on vascular function. Forty-four healthy PMW were randomized to CIT (6 g), CIT+GSH (2 g + 200 mg: Setria<sup>®</sup>) or placebo (PL) for 4 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), brachial and aortic BP reactivity to CPT, and serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), ARG, and ARG/ADMA ratio were measured. Baseline FBG was higher in CIT+GSH vs. PL. FMD increased after CIT+GSH vs. PL (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CIT and CIT+GSH increased ARG/ADMA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but did not affect aortic PWV. CIT+GSH attenuated the brachial and aortic systolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to CPT vs. PL and CIT (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The improvements in FMD were related to baseline FMD (<i>r</i> = −0.39, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and aortic MAP response to CPT (<i>r</i> = −0.33, <i>p</i> < 0.05). This study showed that CIT+GSH improved FMD and attenuated systolic BP and MAP reactivity in PMW. Although CIT increased ARG/ADMA, it did not improve FMD in healthy PMW. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:28:32Z |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:28:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-3430189922e344769702df0768b13c3b2023-11-17T17:18:40ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-03-01157155710.3390/nu15071557Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal WomenArturo Figueroa0Arun Maharaj1Yejin Kang2Katherine N. Dillon3Mauricio A. Martinez4Masahiko Morita5Dai Nogimura6Stephen M. Fischer7Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USADepartment of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USAResearch & Development Division, KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, JapanResearch & Development Division, KIRIN Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Co., Ltd., 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USAPostmenopausal women (PMW) may experience endothelial dysfunction associated with arginine (ARG) deficiency relative to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) caused by oxidative stress. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to increased blood pressure (BP) responsiveness to sympathoexcitation induced by the cold pressor test (CPT). We investigated the effects of citrulline alone (CIT) and combined with the antioxidant glutathione (CIT+GSH) on vascular function. Forty-four healthy PMW were randomized to CIT (6 g), CIT+GSH (2 g + 200 mg: Setria<sup>®</sup>) or placebo (PL) for 4 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), brachial and aortic BP reactivity to CPT, and serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), ARG, and ARG/ADMA ratio were measured. Baseline FBG was higher in CIT+GSH vs. PL. FMD increased after CIT+GSH vs. PL (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CIT and CIT+GSH increased ARG/ADMA (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but did not affect aortic PWV. CIT+GSH attenuated the brachial and aortic systolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses to CPT vs. PL and CIT (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The improvements in FMD were related to baseline FMD (<i>r</i> = −0.39, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and aortic MAP response to CPT (<i>r</i> = −0.33, <i>p</i> < 0.05). This study showed that CIT+GSH improved FMD and attenuated systolic BP and MAP reactivity in PMW. Although CIT increased ARG/ADMA, it did not improve FMD in healthy PMW.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1557arginine/ADMA ratioblood pressure responsivenesscitrullineendothelial functionglutathione |
| spellingShingle | Arturo Figueroa Arun Maharaj Yejin Kang Katherine N. Dillon Mauricio A. Martinez Masahiko Morita Dai Nogimura Stephen M. Fischer Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women Nutrients arginine/ADMA ratio blood pressure responsiveness citrulline endothelial function glutathione |
| title | Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women |
| title_full | Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women |
| title_fullStr | Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women |
| title_short | Combined Citrulline and Glutathione Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women |
| title_sort | combined citrulline and glutathione supplementation improves endothelial function and blood pressure reactivity in postmenopausal women |
| topic | arginine/ADMA ratio blood pressure responsiveness citrulline endothelial function glutathione |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1557 |
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