Regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized clinically by hyperactive/impulsive and/or inattentive symptoms which determine diagnostic subtypes as Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive (ADHD-HI), Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-I), and Combined (ADHD-C). Neuroanatomically though w...

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Main Authors: Jacqueline F. Saad, Kristi R. Griffiths, Michael R. Kohn, Simon Clarke, Leanne M. Williams, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2017-01-01
Series:NeuroImage: Clinical
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158217301213
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author Jacqueline F. Saad
Kristi R. Griffiths
Michael R. Kohn
Simon Clarke
Leanne M. Williams
Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
author_facet Jacqueline F. Saad
Kristi R. Griffiths
Michael R. Kohn
Simon Clarke
Leanne M. Williams
Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
author_sort Jacqueline F. Saad
collection DOAJ
description Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized clinically by hyperactive/impulsive and/or inattentive symptoms which determine diagnostic subtypes as Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive (ADHD-HI), Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-I), and Combined (ADHD-C). Neuroanatomically though we do not yet know if these clinical subtypes reflect distinct aberrations in underlying brain organization.We imaged 34 ADHD participants defined using DSM-IV criteria as ADHD-I (n=16) or as ADHD-C (n=18) and 28 matched typically developing controls, aged 8–17years, using high-resolution T1 MRI. To quantify neuroanatomical organization we used graph theoretical analysis to assess properties of structural covariance between ADHD subtypes and controls (global network measures: path length, clustering coefficient, and regional network measures: nodal degree). As a context for interpreting network organization differences, we also quantified gray matter volume using voxel-based morphometry.Each ADHD subtype was distinguished by a different organizational profile of the degree to which specific regions were anatomically connected with other regions (i.e., in “nodal degree”). For ADHD-I (compared to both ADHD-C and controls) the nodal degree was higher in the hippocampus. ADHD-I also had a higher nodal degree in the supramarginal gyrus, calcarine sulcus, and superior occipital cortex compared to ADHD-C and in the amygdala compared to controls. By contrast, the nodal degree was higher in the cerebellum for ADHD-C compared to ADHD-I and in the anterior cingulate, middle frontal gyrus and putamen compared to controls. ADHD-C also had reduced nodal degree in the rolandic operculum and middle temporal pole compared to controls. These regional profiles were observed in the context of no differences in gray matter volume or global network organization.Our results suggest that the clinical distinction between the Inattentive and Combined subtypes of ADHD may also be reflected in distinct aberrations in underlying brain organization. Keywords: ADHD, Predominantly inattentive type, Combined type, Structural connectome, Volume, Graph theory
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spelling doaj.art-3450c288db4341ba838f7fba67f0f8052022-12-21T17:25:37ZengElsevierNeuroImage: Clinical2213-15822017-01-0115383390Regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderJacqueline F. Saad0Kristi R. Griffiths1Michael R. Kohn2Simon Clarke3Leanne M. Williams4Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar5Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Australia; The Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School: Western, Westmead Hospital, AustraliaBrain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, AustraliaBrain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Research into Adolescents' Health, Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Westmead Hospital, AustraliaBrain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Research into Adolescents' Health, Department of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Westmead Hospital, AustraliaPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; MIRECC, Palo Alto VA, Palo Alto, CA, USABrain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Australia; The Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School: Western, Westmead Hospital, Australia; Corresponding author at: Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized clinically by hyperactive/impulsive and/or inattentive symptoms which determine diagnostic subtypes as Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive (ADHD-HI), Predominantly Inattentive (ADHD-I), and Combined (ADHD-C). Neuroanatomically though we do not yet know if these clinical subtypes reflect distinct aberrations in underlying brain organization.We imaged 34 ADHD participants defined using DSM-IV criteria as ADHD-I (n=16) or as ADHD-C (n=18) and 28 matched typically developing controls, aged 8–17years, using high-resolution T1 MRI. To quantify neuroanatomical organization we used graph theoretical analysis to assess properties of structural covariance between ADHD subtypes and controls (global network measures: path length, clustering coefficient, and regional network measures: nodal degree). As a context for interpreting network organization differences, we also quantified gray matter volume using voxel-based morphometry.Each ADHD subtype was distinguished by a different organizational profile of the degree to which specific regions were anatomically connected with other regions (i.e., in “nodal degree”). For ADHD-I (compared to both ADHD-C and controls) the nodal degree was higher in the hippocampus. ADHD-I also had a higher nodal degree in the supramarginal gyrus, calcarine sulcus, and superior occipital cortex compared to ADHD-C and in the amygdala compared to controls. By contrast, the nodal degree was higher in the cerebellum for ADHD-C compared to ADHD-I and in the anterior cingulate, middle frontal gyrus and putamen compared to controls. ADHD-C also had reduced nodal degree in the rolandic operculum and middle temporal pole compared to controls. These regional profiles were observed in the context of no differences in gray matter volume or global network organization.Our results suggest that the clinical distinction between the Inattentive and Combined subtypes of ADHD may also be reflected in distinct aberrations in underlying brain organization. Keywords: ADHD, Predominantly inattentive type, Combined type, Structural connectome, Volume, Graph theoryhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158217301213
spellingShingle Jacqueline F. Saad
Kristi R. Griffiths
Michael R. Kohn
Simon Clarke
Leanne M. Williams
Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
Regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
NeuroImage: Clinical
title Regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_full Regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_fullStr Regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_short Regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
title_sort regional brain network organization distinguishes the combined and inattentive subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158217301213
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