Quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystals
Designing drug delivery carriers is the most focused work for a material scientist. The formulator can screen the material starting from its properties to the performance of the material. The quality by design approach has simplified the path of selection of the right parameter for analyzing the pro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Materials Research Express |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac144b |
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| author | Mahesh P More Prashant K Deshmukh |
| author_facet | Mahesh P More Prashant K Deshmukh |
| author_sort | Mahesh P More |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Designing drug delivery carriers is the most focused work for a material scientist. The formulator can screen the material starting from its properties to the performance of the material. The quality by design approach has simplified the path of selection of the right parameter for analyzing the process. The present investigation elaborates the use of a full factorial design model for understanding the interaction of oxidizing agents on the conversion of graphite to graphene oxide (GO). The most frequently assessable laboratory method is chemical oxidation, which is used for understanding optimum oxidation potential and nanosheet formation. The method utilizes 2 level assessments for screening reactant concentration of sulphuric acid and potassium permanganate on preprocessed graphite. In present investigation, one categorical factor is used to understand the effect of precursor size on the final product. The statistical model provides optimum oxidation conditions, using particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and I _D /I _G ratio with a 95% confidence interval (p-value less than 0.05). The optimized synthesis procedure provides the least particle size of GO nanosheet of about 220.7 nm with PDI 0.289 and I _D /I _G ratio of 0.98. Furthermore, pulse mode ultrasonication converts Gefitinib (GF) into nanocrystals and is deposited within intricates of GO nanosheets (nGOGF). The GO and nGOGF were preliminarily characterized using optical and vibrational spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter was found to be slightly increased to 237.5 nm with decreasing surface charge (−33.64 mV) after fabrication. The x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) study reveals successful grafting of oxygen-containing functional groups on GO nanosheets with peak positions observed at 284–288 eV. The Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation supports the wrinkled structure of GO nanosheets synthesis, along with encapsulation of GF nanocrystals. The nGOGF retard the release of GF for a prolonged period of time and the rate of dissolution was increased by fold compared to pure GF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:42:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-345590cb035d4e5bb921b22d65a3cdd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2053-1591 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:42:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials Research Express |
| spelling | doaj.art-345590cb035d4e5bb921b22d65a3cdd22023-08-09T15:52:52ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912021-01-018707560210.1088/2053-1591/ac144bQuality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystalsMahesh P More0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2763-8560Prashant K Deshmukh1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8862-7286Department of Pharmaceutics, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist—Dhule (M.S.), 425 405, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon, Dist—Ahmednagar (M.S.), 423 601, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Dr Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Dist—Buldhana (M.S.), 443 101, IndiaDesigning drug delivery carriers is the most focused work for a material scientist. The formulator can screen the material starting from its properties to the performance of the material. The quality by design approach has simplified the path of selection of the right parameter for analyzing the process. The present investigation elaborates the use of a full factorial design model for understanding the interaction of oxidizing agents on the conversion of graphite to graphene oxide (GO). The most frequently assessable laboratory method is chemical oxidation, which is used for understanding optimum oxidation potential and nanosheet formation. The method utilizes 2 level assessments for screening reactant concentration of sulphuric acid and potassium permanganate on preprocessed graphite. In present investigation, one categorical factor is used to understand the effect of precursor size on the final product. The statistical model provides optimum oxidation conditions, using particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and I _D /I _G ratio with a 95% confidence interval (p-value less than 0.05). The optimized synthesis procedure provides the least particle size of GO nanosheet of about 220.7 nm with PDI 0.289 and I _D /I _G ratio of 0.98. Furthermore, pulse mode ultrasonication converts Gefitinib (GF) into nanocrystals and is deposited within intricates of GO nanosheets (nGOGF). The GO and nGOGF were preliminarily characterized using optical and vibrational spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter was found to be slightly increased to 237.5 nm with decreasing surface charge (−33.64 mV) after fabrication. The x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) study reveals successful grafting of oxygen-containing functional groups on GO nanosheets with peak positions observed at 284–288 eV. The Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation supports the wrinkled structure of GO nanosheets synthesis, along with encapsulation of GF nanocrystals. The nGOGF retard the release of GF for a prolonged period of time and the rate of dissolution was increased by fold compared to pure GF.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac144bGefitinib nanocrystalsquality by designgraphene oxide nanosheetsenhanced dissolutionfull factorial |
| spellingShingle | Mahesh P More Prashant K Deshmukh Quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystals Materials Research Express Gefitinib nanocrystals quality by design graphene oxide nanosheets enhanced dissolution full factorial |
| title | Quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystals |
| title_full | Quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystals |
| title_fullStr | Quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystals |
| title_short | Quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of Gefitinib nanocrystals |
| title_sort | quality by design approach for the synthesis of graphene oxide nanosheets using full factorial design with enhanced delivery of gefitinib nanocrystals |
| topic | Gefitinib nanocrystals quality by design graphene oxide nanosheets enhanced dissolution full factorial |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac144b |
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