Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms
The increasing incidence of implant-associated infections has prompted the development of effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation on these devices. In this work, pristine graphene nanoplatelet/polydimethylsiloxane (GNP/PDMS) surfaces containing different GNP loadings (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/3/355 |
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| author | Isabel M. Oliveira Marisa Gomes Luciana C. Gomes Manuel F. R. Pereira Olívia S. G. P. Soares Filipe J. Mergulhão |
| author_facet | Isabel M. Oliveira Marisa Gomes Luciana C. Gomes Manuel F. R. Pereira Olívia S. G. P. Soares Filipe J. Mergulhão |
| author_sort | Isabel M. Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing incidence of implant-associated infections has prompted the development of effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation on these devices. In this work, pristine graphene nanoplatelet/polydimethylsiloxane (GNP/PDMS) surfaces containing different GNP loadings (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) were produced and evaluated on their ability to mitigate biofilm development. After GNP loading optimization, the most promising surface was tested against single- and dual-species biofilms of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The antibiofilm activity of GNP/PDMS surfaces was determined by the quantification of total, viable, culturable, and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells, as well as by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that 5 wt% GNP loading reduced the number of total (57%), viable (69%), culturable (55%), and VBNC cells (85%) of <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms compared to PDMS. A decrease of 25% in total cells and about 52% in viable, culturable, and VBNC cells was observed for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilms. Dual-species biofilms demonstrated higher resistance to the antimicrobial activity of GNP surfaces, with lower biofilm cell reductions (of up to 29% when compared to single-species biofilms). Still, the effectiveness of these surfaces in suppressing single- and dual-species biofilm formation was confirmed by CLSM analysis, where a decrease in biofilm biovolume (83% for <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms and 42% for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and dual-species biofilms) and thickness (on average 72%) was obtained. Overall, these results showed that pristine GNPs dispersed into the PDMS matrix were able to inhibit biofilm growth, being a starting point for the fabrication of novel surface coatings based on functionalized GNP/PDMS composites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:25:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3458decb11524d3086a0798ba306c214 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:25:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-3458decb11524d3086a0798ba306c2142023-11-23T17:19:24ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-01-0112335510.3390/nano12030355Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Single- and Dual-Species BiofilmsIsabel M. Oliveira0Marisa Gomes1Luciana C. Gomes2Manuel F. R. Pereira3Olívia S. G. P. Soares4Filipe J. Mergulhão5LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLSRE–LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLSRE–LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalThe increasing incidence of implant-associated infections has prompted the development of effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation on these devices. In this work, pristine graphene nanoplatelet/polydimethylsiloxane (GNP/PDMS) surfaces containing different GNP loadings (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) were produced and evaluated on their ability to mitigate biofilm development. After GNP loading optimization, the most promising surface was tested against single- and dual-species biofilms of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. The antibiofilm activity of GNP/PDMS surfaces was determined by the quantification of total, viable, culturable, and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells, as well as by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that 5 wt% GNP loading reduced the number of total (57%), viable (69%), culturable (55%), and VBNC cells (85%) of <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms compared to PDMS. A decrease of 25% in total cells and about 52% in viable, culturable, and VBNC cells was observed for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilms. Dual-species biofilms demonstrated higher resistance to the antimicrobial activity of GNP surfaces, with lower biofilm cell reductions (of up to 29% when compared to single-species biofilms). Still, the effectiveness of these surfaces in suppressing single- and dual-species biofilm formation was confirmed by CLSM analysis, where a decrease in biofilm biovolume (83% for <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms and 42% for <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and dual-species biofilms) and thickness (on average 72%) was obtained. Overall, these results showed that pristine GNPs dispersed into the PDMS matrix were able to inhibit biofilm growth, being a starting point for the fabrication of novel surface coatings based on functionalized GNP/PDMS composites.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/3/355graphenepolydimethylsiloxane<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>antibiofilm activityimplantable medical devices |
| spellingShingle | Isabel M. Oliveira Marisa Gomes Luciana C. Gomes Manuel F. R. Pereira Olívia S. G. P. Soares Filipe J. Mergulhão Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms Nanomaterials graphene polydimethylsiloxane <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> antibiofilm activity implantable medical devices |
| title | Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_full | Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_fullStr | Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_short | Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms |
| title_sort | performance of graphene polydimethylsiloxane surfaces against i s aureus i and i p aeruginosa i single and dual species biofilms |
| topic | graphene polydimethylsiloxane <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> antibiofilm activity implantable medical devices |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/3/355 |
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