Grass-weed challenges, herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in Ireland’s mild Atlantic climate
The challenges of grass-weed control in a mild Atlantic climate, added to by the use of non-inversion tillage and limited herbicide options necessitated on-farm knowledge acquisition on grass weeds in Ireland. We surveyed 103 farms from 2020 to 2021 of which, 62 were plough-based and 41 non-inversio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2022.1063773/full |
| _version_ | 1811317995089166336 |
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| author | Vijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan Reamonn M. Fealy Sarah K. Cook Nawaporn Onkokesung Susanne Barth Michael Hennessy Patrick D. Forristal |
| author_facet | Vijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan Reamonn M. Fealy Sarah K. Cook Nawaporn Onkokesung Susanne Barth Michael Hennessy Patrick D. Forristal |
| author_sort | Vijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The challenges of grass-weed control in a mild Atlantic climate, added to by the use of non-inversion tillage and limited herbicide options necessitated on-farm knowledge acquisition on grass weeds in Ireland. We surveyed 103 farms from 2020 to 2021 of which, 62 were plough-based and 41 non-inversion tillage. The survey comprised a questionnaire to determine grower demographics, grass-weed challenges, and the adoption of integrated grass-weed control methods (IWM); a grid-square assessment of key grass weeds encountered in one or more cereal fields in both years using weed scores from 0 (absent) to 10 (total weed cover); with samples collected for herbicide-resistance testing. Across the 103 farms, Bromus spp., (62%) and Avena fatua (56%) were the most prevalent but with moderate resistance (8% acetolactate synthase (ALS)-resistant Bromus, 10% acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-resistant A. fatua); Lolium multiflorum (13%) and Alopecurus myosuroides (16%) were found on fewer farms but with higher resistance levels (56% ACCase and/or ALS-resistant L. multiflorum, 43% ACCase/ALS-resistant A. myosuroides). Of those who adopted non-inversion tillage, a higher proportion of growers practiced crop rotation (88% cereal/non-cereal break or 83% alternate spring/winter-sown) and used cover crops (71%) than those ploughing (52-66% crop rotation or 19% cover crops), but herbicide use was similar in both systems. Despite higher levels of IWM practices, non-inversion tillage farms had higher weed scores (2.2 ± 0.2 or 3.8 ± 0.7) of B. sterilis and L. multiflorum than ploughing (1.2 ± 0.2 or 2.0 ± 0.7). Considering the complex resistance profile of high resistance-risk species, there is a need for urgent determination of and adoption of effective IWM across systems, specifically, non-inversion tillage. Most of the growers were aware of herbicide-resistant grass weeds (>80%) and most (>90%) used IWM practices (4 or more) to some extent. In our survey, non-inversion tillage farms tended to have younger growers with more formal education and larger farms. This is the first multi-component survey in Ireland establishing long-term monitoring of grass-weed challenges, grower characteristics and IWM practices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:18:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-345b6865df094203893b68f91e240656 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3218 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T12:18:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-345b6865df094203893b68f91e2406562022-12-22T02:47:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Agronomy2673-32182022-11-01410.3389/fagro.2022.10637731063773Grass-weed challenges, herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in Ireland’s mild Atlantic climateVijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan0Reamonn M. Fealy1Sarah K. Cook2Nawaporn Onkokesung3Susanne Barth4Michael Hennessy5Patrick D. Forristal6Crop Research Centre Oak Park, Teagasc, Carlow, IrelandAgri-food Business and Spatial Analysis Department, Teagasc, Dublin, IrelandCrop Protection Department, Weed Biology, ADAS Boxworth, Boxworth, United KingdomAgriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United KingdomCrop Research Centre Oak Park, Teagasc, Carlow, IrelandCrop Research Centre Oak Park, Teagasc, Carlow, IrelandCrop Research Centre Oak Park, Teagasc, Carlow, IrelandThe challenges of grass-weed control in a mild Atlantic climate, added to by the use of non-inversion tillage and limited herbicide options necessitated on-farm knowledge acquisition on grass weeds in Ireland. We surveyed 103 farms from 2020 to 2021 of which, 62 were plough-based and 41 non-inversion tillage. The survey comprised a questionnaire to determine grower demographics, grass-weed challenges, and the adoption of integrated grass-weed control methods (IWM); a grid-square assessment of key grass weeds encountered in one or more cereal fields in both years using weed scores from 0 (absent) to 10 (total weed cover); with samples collected for herbicide-resistance testing. Across the 103 farms, Bromus spp., (62%) and Avena fatua (56%) were the most prevalent but with moderate resistance (8% acetolactate synthase (ALS)-resistant Bromus, 10% acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-resistant A. fatua); Lolium multiflorum (13%) and Alopecurus myosuroides (16%) were found on fewer farms but with higher resistance levels (56% ACCase and/or ALS-resistant L. multiflorum, 43% ACCase/ALS-resistant A. myosuroides). Of those who adopted non-inversion tillage, a higher proportion of growers practiced crop rotation (88% cereal/non-cereal break or 83% alternate spring/winter-sown) and used cover crops (71%) than those ploughing (52-66% crop rotation or 19% cover crops), but herbicide use was similar in both systems. Despite higher levels of IWM practices, non-inversion tillage farms had higher weed scores (2.2 ± 0.2 or 3.8 ± 0.7) of B. sterilis and L. multiflorum than ploughing (1.2 ± 0.2 or 2.0 ± 0.7). Considering the complex resistance profile of high resistance-risk species, there is a need for urgent determination of and adoption of effective IWM across systems, specifically, non-inversion tillage. Most of the growers were aware of herbicide-resistant grass weeds (>80%) and most (>90%) used IWM practices (4 or more) to some extent. In our survey, non-inversion tillage farms tended to have younger growers with more formal education and larger farms. This is the first multi-component survey in Ireland establishing long-term monitoring of grass-weed challenges, grower characteristics and IWM practices.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2022.1063773/fullgrass-weed challengesIrelandsurveyawarenessherbicide resistancecrop establishment systems |
| spellingShingle | Vijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan Reamonn M. Fealy Sarah K. Cook Nawaporn Onkokesung Susanne Barth Michael Hennessy Patrick D. Forristal Grass-weed challenges, herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in Ireland’s mild Atlantic climate Frontiers in Agronomy grass-weed challenges Ireland survey awareness herbicide resistance crop establishment systems |
| title | Grass-weed challenges, herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in Ireland’s mild Atlantic climate |
| title_full | Grass-weed challenges, herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in Ireland’s mild Atlantic climate |
| title_fullStr | Grass-weed challenges, herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in Ireland’s mild Atlantic climate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grass-weed challenges, herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in Ireland’s mild Atlantic climate |
| title_short | Grass-weed challenges, herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in Ireland’s mild Atlantic climate |
| title_sort | grass weed challenges herbicide resistance status and weed control practices across crop establishment systems in ireland s mild atlantic climate |
| topic | grass-weed challenges Ireland survey awareness herbicide resistance crop establishment systems |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2022.1063773/full |
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