Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China)
Using a numerical simulation method based on physical equations to obtain the debris flow risk range is important for local-scale debris flow risk assessment. While many debris flow models have been used to reproduce processes after debris flow occurrence, their predictability in potentially catastr...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
Series: | Water |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/7/1050 |
_version_ | 1797437485947551744 |
---|---|
author | Xianzheng Zhang Chenxiao Tang Yajie Yu Chuan Tang Ning Li Jiang Xiong Ming Chen |
author_facet | Xianzheng Zhang Chenxiao Tang Yajie Yu Chuan Tang Ning Li Jiang Xiong Ming Chen |
author_sort | Xianzheng Zhang |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Using a numerical simulation method based on physical equations to obtain the debris flow risk range is important for local-scale debris flow risk assessment. While many debris flow models have been used to reproduce processes after debris flow occurrence, their predictability in potentially catastrophic debris flow scenarios has mostly not been evaluated in detail. Two single-phase flow models and two two-phase models were used to reproduce the Wayao debris flow event in 2013. Then the Wayao debris flow event in 2020 was predicted by the four models with the same parameters in 2013. The depth distributions of the debris source and deposition fan were mapped by visual interpretation, electric resistivity surveys, field measurements, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. The digital elevation model (DEM), rainfall data, and other simulation parameters were collected. These models can reproduce the geometry and thickness distribution of the debris flow fan in 2013. However, the predictions of the runout range and the deposition depth are quite different from the actuality in 2020. The performance and usability of these models are compared and discussed. This could provide a reference for selecting physical models to assess debris-flow risk. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:20:01Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-3462b2c0bad74503ba89b22d6f977163 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2073-4441 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:20:01Z |
publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
record_format | Article |
series | Water |
spelling | doaj.art-3462b2c0bad74503ba89b22d6f9771632023-12-01T00:19:16ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-03-01147105010.3390/w14071050Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China)Xianzheng Zhang0Chenxiao Tang1Yajie Yu2Chuan Tang3Ning Li4Jiang Xiong5Ming Chen6State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaKey Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Hazards, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaThe Second Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Department of Natural Resources of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaSchool of Emergency Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, ChinaUsing a numerical simulation method based on physical equations to obtain the debris flow risk range is important for local-scale debris flow risk assessment. While many debris flow models have been used to reproduce processes after debris flow occurrence, their predictability in potentially catastrophic debris flow scenarios has mostly not been evaluated in detail. Two single-phase flow models and two two-phase models were used to reproduce the Wayao debris flow event in 2013. Then the Wayao debris flow event in 2020 was predicted by the four models with the same parameters in 2013. The depth distributions of the debris source and deposition fan were mapped by visual interpretation, electric resistivity surveys, field measurements, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. The digital elevation model (DEM), rainfall data, and other simulation parameters were collected. These models can reproduce the geometry and thickness distribution of the debris flow fan in 2013. However, the predictions of the runout range and the deposition depth are quite different from the actuality in 2020. The performance and usability of these models are compared and discussed. This could provide a reference for selecting physical models to assess debris-flow risk.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/7/1050debris flownumerical modelingrisk assessmentsingle-phase modelstwo-phase models |
spellingShingle | Xianzheng Zhang Chenxiao Tang Yajie Yu Chuan Tang Ning Li Jiang Xiong Ming Chen Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China) Water debris flow numerical modeling risk assessment single-phase models two-phase models |
title | Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China) |
title_full | Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China) |
title_fullStr | Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China) |
title_full_unstemmed | Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China) |
title_short | Some Considerations for Using Numerical Methods to Simulate Possible Debris Flows: The Case of the 2013 and 2020 Wayao Debris Flows (Sichuan, China) |
title_sort | some considerations for using numerical methods to simulate possible debris flows the case of the 2013 and 2020 wayao debris flows sichuan china |
topic | debris flow numerical modeling risk assessment single-phase models two-phase models |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/7/1050 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT xianzhengzhang someconsiderationsforusingnumericalmethodstosimulatepossibledebrisflowsthecaseofthe2013and2020wayaodebrisflowssichuanchina AT chenxiaotang someconsiderationsforusingnumericalmethodstosimulatepossibledebrisflowsthecaseofthe2013and2020wayaodebrisflowssichuanchina AT yajieyu someconsiderationsforusingnumericalmethodstosimulatepossibledebrisflowsthecaseofthe2013and2020wayaodebrisflowssichuanchina AT chuantang someconsiderationsforusingnumericalmethodstosimulatepossibledebrisflowsthecaseofthe2013and2020wayaodebrisflowssichuanchina AT ningli someconsiderationsforusingnumericalmethodstosimulatepossibledebrisflowsthecaseofthe2013and2020wayaodebrisflowssichuanchina AT jiangxiong someconsiderationsforusingnumericalmethodstosimulatepossibledebrisflowsthecaseofthe2013and2020wayaodebrisflowssichuanchina AT mingchen someconsiderationsforusingnumericalmethodstosimulatepossibledebrisflowsthecaseofthe2013and2020wayaodebrisflowssichuanchina |