Effectiveness, Adverse Events, and Immune Response Following Double Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Staff at the National Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC)
Vaccination remains the leading strategy against COVID-19 worldwide. BNT162b2 is among the first licensed vaccines with high effectiveness. However, the role of antibody and cell immunity response monitoring after vaccination remains unclear. We conducted a 6-month prospective study involving the em...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/558 |
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| author | Patrik Palacka Monika Pol’anová Alena Svobodová Jan Žigmond Katarína Zanchetta Vlasta Gombárová Martina Vulganová Ján Slopovský Jana Obertová Ľuboš Drgoňa Michal Mego Juraj Pechan |
| author_facet | Patrik Palacka Monika Pol’anová Alena Svobodová Jan Žigmond Katarína Zanchetta Vlasta Gombárová Martina Vulganová Ján Slopovský Jana Obertová Ľuboš Drgoňa Michal Mego Juraj Pechan |
| author_sort | Patrik Palacka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccination remains the leading strategy against COVID-19 worldwide. BNT162b2 is among the first licensed vaccines with high effectiveness. However, the role of antibody and cell immunity response monitoring after vaccination remains unclear. We conducted a 6-month prospective study involving the employees of NCCC in Slovakia, who were tested for IgG antibody and cell immune responses after double vaccination with BNT162b2. IgG antibodies were detected at 3, 7, and 26 weeks, respectively. At 6 months, blood samples were tested by two different interferon-γ release assays to determine responses to spike protein antigen and nucleocapsid protein antigen of the novel coronavirus. Results were stratified by gender and body mass index (BMI). Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> = 0.05. The medical records of 94 respondents (71 females) were analyzed. The mean age was 40.2 years and the mean BMI was 26.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. At 6 months after double vaccination, effectiveness was 97.9%. The side effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine were similar after both doses, with no serious adverse events or new safety signals recorded. The IgG index declined rapidly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and 42.6% of subjects had positive and 57.4% borderline or negative immune cell response at 6 months (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Both T cell activation and IgG counts were lower in morbidly obese patients when compared to some other BMI categories. This study confirmed an acceptable toxicity profile and the high efficacy of BNT162b2 despite a rapid decline of IgG level and negative cell-mediated immunity response in most subjects. An individualized approach to vaccination could be considered in morbidly obese individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:53:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34779625ae434ebd84a5f67ca6cde37c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:53:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-34779625ae434ebd84a5f67ca6cde37c2023-11-30T22:02:09ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-04-0110455810.3390/vaccines10040558Effectiveness, Adverse Events, and Immune Response Following Double Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Staff at the National Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC)Patrik Palacka0Monika Pol’anová1Alena Svobodová2Jan Žigmond3Katarína Zanchetta4Vlasta Gombárová5Martina Vulganová6Ján Slopovský7Jana Obertová8Ľuboš Drgoňa9Michal Mego10Juraj Pechan112nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaCentral-European Biotech Institute, Riečna 162/4, 811 02 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaCentral-European Biotech Institute, Riečna 162/4, 811 02 Bratislava, SlovakiaNational Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaHospital Pharmacy, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaCentral-European Biotech Institute, Riečna 162/4, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaNational Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Oncosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 10 Bratislava, SlovakiaVaccination remains the leading strategy against COVID-19 worldwide. BNT162b2 is among the first licensed vaccines with high effectiveness. However, the role of antibody and cell immunity response monitoring after vaccination remains unclear. We conducted a 6-month prospective study involving the employees of NCCC in Slovakia, who were tested for IgG antibody and cell immune responses after double vaccination with BNT162b2. IgG antibodies were detected at 3, 7, and 26 weeks, respectively. At 6 months, blood samples were tested by two different interferon-γ release assays to determine responses to spike protein antigen and nucleocapsid protein antigen of the novel coronavirus. Results were stratified by gender and body mass index (BMI). Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> = 0.05. The medical records of 94 respondents (71 females) were analyzed. The mean age was 40.2 years and the mean BMI was 26.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. At 6 months after double vaccination, effectiveness was 97.9%. The side effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine were similar after both doses, with no serious adverse events or new safety signals recorded. The IgG index declined rapidly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and 42.6% of subjects had positive and 57.4% borderline or negative immune cell response at 6 months (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Both T cell activation and IgG counts were lower in morbidly obese patients when compared to some other BMI categories. This study confirmed an acceptable toxicity profile and the high efficacy of BNT162b2 despite a rapid decline of IgG level and negative cell-mediated immunity response in most subjects. An individualized approach to vaccination could be considered in morbidly obese individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/558BNT162b2effectivenessadverse eventsIgG antibodiescell-mediated immunity |
| spellingShingle | Patrik Palacka Monika Pol’anová Alena Svobodová Jan Žigmond Katarína Zanchetta Vlasta Gombárová Martina Vulganová Ján Slopovský Jana Obertová Ľuboš Drgoňa Michal Mego Juraj Pechan Effectiveness, Adverse Events, and Immune Response Following Double Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Staff at the National Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC) Vaccines BNT162b2 effectiveness adverse events IgG antibodies cell-mediated immunity |
| title | Effectiveness, Adverse Events, and Immune Response Following Double Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Staff at the National Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC) |
| title_full | Effectiveness, Adverse Events, and Immune Response Following Double Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Staff at the National Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC) |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness, Adverse Events, and Immune Response Following Double Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Staff at the National Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness, Adverse Events, and Immune Response Following Double Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Staff at the National Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC) |
| title_short | Effectiveness, Adverse Events, and Immune Response Following Double Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Staff at the National Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC) |
| title_sort | effectiveness adverse events and immune response following double vaccination with bnt162b2 in staff at the national comprehensive cancer center nccc |
| topic | BNT162b2 effectiveness adverse events IgG antibodies cell-mediated immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/558 |
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