Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative Diseases
During the past few decades, considerable efforts have been made to discover and validate new molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent discoveries have demonstrated how autophagy and its specialized form mitophagy are extensively associated with the development, main...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/149 |
| _version_ | 1797415461322752000 |
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| author | Carlotta Giorgi Esmaa Bouhamida Alberto Danese Maurizio Previati Paolo Pinton Simone Patergnani |
| author_facet | Carlotta Giorgi Esmaa Bouhamida Alberto Danese Maurizio Previati Paolo Pinton Simone Patergnani |
| author_sort | Carlotta Giorgi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the past few decades, considerable efforts have been made to discover and validate new molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent discoveries have demonstrated how autophagy and its specialized form mitophagy are extensively associated with the development, maintenance, and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. These mechanisms play a pivotal role in the homeostasis of neural cells and are responsible for the clearance of intracellular aggregates and misfolded proteins and the turnover of organelles, in particular, mitochondria. In this review, we summarize recent advances describing the importance of autophagy and mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, with particular attention given to multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. We also review how elements involved in autophagy and mitophagy may represent potential biomarkers for these common neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we examine the possibility that the modulation of autophagic and mitophagic mechanisms may be an innovative strategy for overcoming neurodegenerative conditions. A deeper knowledge of autophagic and mitophagic mechanisms could facilitate diagnosis and prognostication as well as accelerate the development of therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:48:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-347a5e83677945b9811abdd23e70229f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:48:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-347a5e83677945b9811abdd23e70229f2023-12-03T12:18:29ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-02-019214910.3390/biomedicines9020149Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative DiseasesCarlotta Giorgi0Esmaa Bouhamida1Alberto Danese2Maurizio Previati3Paolo Pinton4Simone Patergnani5Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyLaboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyLaboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalySurgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyLaboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyLaboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDuring the past few decades, considerable efforts have been made to discover and validate new molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent discoveries have demonstrated how autophagy and its specialized form mitophagy are extensively associated with the development, maintenance, and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. These mechanisms play a pivotal role in the homeostasis of neural cells and are responsible for the clearance of intracellular aggregates and misfolded proteins and the turnover of organelles, in particular, mitochondria. In this review, we summarize recent advances describing the importance of autophagy and mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, with particular attention given to multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. We also review how elements involved in autophagy and mitophagy may represent potential biomarkers for these common neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we examine the possibility that the modulation of autophagic and mitophagic mechanisms may be an innovative strategy for overcoming neurodegenerative conditions. A deeper knowledge of autophagic and mitophagic mechanisms could facilitate diagnosis and prognostication as well as accelerate the development of therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/149autophagymitophagyneurodegenerationmultiple sclerosisAlzheimer’s diseaseParkinson’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Carlotta Giorgi Esmaa Bouhamida Alberto Danese Maurizio Previati Paolo Pinton Simone Patergnani Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomedicines autophagy mitophagy neurodegeneration multiple sclerosis Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease |
| title | Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_full | Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_short | Relevance of Autophagy and Mitophagy Dynamics and Markers in Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| title_sort | relevance of autophagy and mitophagy dynamics and markers in neurodegenerative diseases |
| topic | autophagy mitophagy neurodegeneration multiple sclerosis Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/2/149 |
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