Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulence and Application of Nanotherapeutics to Eradicate <i>S. aureus</i> Infection
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a versatile pathogen known to cause hospital- and community-acquired, foodborne, and zoonotic infections. The clinical infections by <i>S. aureus</i> cause an increase in morbidity and mortality rates and treatment costs, aggravated by the emer...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/2/310 |
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| author | Kannappan Arunachalam Poonguzhali Pandurangan Chunlei Shi Ricardo Lagoa |
| author_facet | Kannappan Arunachalam Poonguzhali Pandurangan Chunlei Shi Ricardo Lagoa |
| author_sort | Kannappan Arunachalam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a versatile pathogen known to cause hospital- and community-acquired, foodborne, and zoonotic infections. The clinical infections by <i>S. aureus</i> cause an increase in morbidity and mortality rates and treatment costs, aggravated by the emergence of drug-resistant strains. As a multi-faceted pathogen, it is imperative to consolidate the knowledge on its pathogenesis, including the mechanisms of virulence regulation, development of antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation, to make it amenable to different treatment strategies. Nanomaterials provide a suitable platform to address this challenge, with the potential to control intracellular parasitism and multidrug resistance where conventional therapies show limited efficacy. In a nutshell, the first part of this review focuses on the impact of <i>S. aureus</i> on human health and the role of virulence factors and biofilms during pathogenesis. The second part discusses the large diversity of nanoparticles and their applications in controlling <i>S. aureus</i> infections, including combination with antibiotics and phytochemicals and the incorporation of antimicrobial coatings for biomaterials. Finally, the limitations and prospects using nanomaterials are highlighted, aiming to foster the development of novel nanotechnology-driven therapies against multidrug-resistant <i>S. aureus.</i> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:17:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3482e9be42674b38869430b278183f75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:17:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3482e9be42674b38869430b278183f752023-11-16T22:38:12ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-01-0115231010.3390/pharmaceutics15020310Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulence and Application of Nanotherapeutics to Eradicate <i>S. aureus</i> InfectionKannappan Arunachalam0Poonguzhali Pandurangan1Chunlei Shi2Ricardo Lagoa3MOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology, M.R. Government Arts College, Mannargudi, Coimbatore 614001, Tamil Nadu, IndiaMOST-USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a versatile pathogen known to cause hospital- and community-acquired, foodborne, and zoonotic infections. The clinical infections by <i>S. aureus</i> cause an increase in morbidity and mortality rates and treatment costs, aggravated by the emergence of drug-resistant strains. As a multi-faceted pathogen, it is imperative to consolidate the knowledge on its pathogenesis, including the mechanisms of virulence regulation, development of antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation, to make it amenable to different treatment strategies. Nanomaterials provide a suitable platform to address this challenge, with the potential to control intracellular parasitism and multidrug resistance where conventional therapies show limited efficacy. In a nutshell, the first part of this review focuses on the impact of <i>S. aureus</i> on human health and the role of virulence factors and biofilms during pathogenesis. The second part discusses the large diversity of nanoparticles and their applications in controlling <i>S. aureus</i> infections, including combination with antibiotics and phytochemicals and the incorporation of antimicrobial coatings for biomaterials. Finally, the limitations and prospects using nanomaterials are highlighted, aiming to foster the development of novel nanotechnology-driven therapies against multidrug-resistant <i>S. aureus.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/2/310<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>nanotechnologydrug deliveryantibacterial activitybiofilm inhibition |
| spellingShingle | Kannappan Arunachalam Poonguzhali Pandurangan Chunlei Shi Ricardo Lagoa Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulence and Application of Nanotherapeutics to Eradicate <i>S. aureus</i> Infection Pharmaceutics <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> nanotechnology drug delivery antibacterial activity biofilm inhibition |
| title | Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulence and Application of Nanotherapeutics to Eradicate <i>S. aureus</i> Infection |
| title_full | Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulence and Application of Nanotherapeutics to Eradicate <i>S. aureus</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulence and Application of Nanotherapeutics to Eradicate <i>S. aureus</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulence and Application of Nanotherapeutics to Eradicate <i>S. aureus</i> Infection |
| title_short | Regulation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulence and Application of Nanotherapeutics to Eradicate <i>S. aureus</i> Infection |
| title_sort | regulation of i staphylococcus aureus i virulence and application of nanotherapeutics to eradicate i s aureus i infection |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> nanotechnology drug delivery antibacterial activity biofilm inhibition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/2/310 |
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