Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the <i>Salmo trutta</i> Complex in Italy
Salmonid fish have become ecological and research models of study in the field of conservation genetics and genomics. Over the last decade, brown trout have received a high level of interest in research and publications. The term <i>Salmo trutta</i> complex is used to indicate the large...
| Κύριοι συγγραφείς: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Μορφή: | Άρθρο |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Έκδοση: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Σειρά: | Applied Sciences |
| Θέματα: | |
| Διαθέσιμο Online: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/7/3219 |
| _version_ | 1827624499131973632 |
|---|---|
| author | Edo D’Agaro PierPaolo Gibertoni Fabio Marroni Maria Messina Emilio Tibaldi Stefano Esposito |
| author_facet | Edo D’Agaro PierPaolo Gibertoni Fabio Marroni Maria Messina Emilio Tibaldi Stefano Esposito |
| author_sort | Edo D’Agaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salmonid fish have become ecological and research models of study in the field of conservation genetics and genomics. Over the last decade, brown trout have received a high level of interest in research and publications. The term <i>Salmo trutta</i> complex is used to indicate the large number of geographic forms present in the species <i>Salmo trutta</i>. In Europe, the <i>S. trutta</i> complex consists (based on mitochondrial DNA control region analysis) of seven major evolutionary lineages: Atlantic (AT), Mediterranean (ME), Adriatic (AD), Danubian (DA), Marmoratus (MA), Duero (DU) and Tigris (TI). In several nations, the difficulty of identifying some lineages derives from their wide phenotypic and geographic plasticity and the presence of mixed lineages (due to introgressive hybridization with domestic AT populations). In Italy, the <i>S. trutta</i> complex populations living in the Tyrrhenian area and on the main islands (Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica) showed high genetic diversity. Currently, on the Italian Red List, the protected (near threatened) populations are the AD and ME lineages. Recent studies based on traditional (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and NGS (next-generation sequencing) analyses have clarified some genetic differences between the populations of the Tyrrhenian region, Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Native populations in Sardinia belong to the AD lineage, while those living in Corsica are mainly characterized by the AD, MA and ME haplotypes. In Sicily, in the area of the Iblei mountains, an AT lineage (North African) exists. According to some authors, the term <i>Salmo macrostigma</i> should only be used for populations in North Africa. The use of genotyping methods based on mtDNA and nuclear markers and the latest generation sequencing techniques can improve the study of populations and evolutionary lineages in areas where there are overlaps and hybridization phenomena. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:10:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3484e5a82a3442a588ae49dd115df210 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:10:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3484e5a82a3442a588ae49dd115df2102023-11-30T22:52:39ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-03-01127321910.3390/app12073219Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the <i>Salmo trutta</i> Complex in ItalyEdo D’Agaro0PierPaolo Gibertoni1Fabio Marroni2Maria Messina3Emilio Tibaldi4Stefano Esposito5Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, ItalyMediterraneanTrout Research Group, Via Porali 1/A, Collagna, 42037 Reggio Emilia, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, ItalyMediterraneanTrout Research Group, Via Porali 1/A, Collagna, 42037 Reggio Emilia, ItalySalmonid fish have become ecological and research models of study in the field of conservation genetics and genomics. Over the last decade, brown trout have received a high level of interest in research and publications. The term <i>Salmo trutta</i> complex is used to indicate the large number of geographic forms present in the species <i>Salmo trutta</i>. In Europe, the <i>S. trutta</i> complex consists (based on mitochondrial DNA control region analysis) of seven major evolutionary lineages: Atlantic (AT), Mediterranean (ME), Adriatic (AD), Danubian (DA), Marmoratus (MA), Duero (DU) and Tigris (TI). In several nations, the difficulty of identifying some lineages derives from their wide phenotypic and geographic plasticity and the presence of mixed lineages (due to introgressive hybridization with domestic AT populations). In Italy, the <i>S. trutta</i> complex populations living in the Tyrrhenian area and on the main islands (Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica) showed high genetic diversity. Currently, on the Italian Red List, the protected (near threatened) populations are the AD and ME lineages. Recent studies based on traditional (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and NGS (next-generation sequencing) analyses have clarified some genetic differences between the populations of the Tyrrhenian region, Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Native populations in Sardinia belong to the AD lineage, while those living in Corsica are mainly characterized by the AD, MA and ME haplotypes. In Sicily, in the area of the Iblei mountains, an AT lineage (North African) exists. According to some authors, the term <i>Salmo macrostigma</i> should only be used for populations in North Africa. The use of genotyping methods based on mtDNA and nuclear markers and the latest generation sequencing techniques can improve the study of populations and evolutionary lineages in areas where there are overlaps and hybridization phenomena.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/7/3219<i>Salmo trutta</i> complexphylogenetic analysisgenomic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Edo D’Agaro PierPaolo Gibertoni Fabio Marroni Maria Messina Emilio Tibaldi Stefano Esposito Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the <i>Salmo trutta</i> Complex in Italy Applied Sciences <i>Salmo trutta</i> complex phylogenetic analysis genomic analysis |
| title | Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the <i>Salmo trutta</i> Complex in Italy |
| title_full | Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the <i>Salmo trutta</i> Complex in Italy |
| title_fullStr | Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the <i>Salmo trutta</i> Complex in Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the <i>Salmo trutta</i> Complex in Italy |
| title_short | Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the <i>Salmo trutta</i> Complex in Italy |
| title_sort | genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the i salmo trutta i complex in italy |
| topic | <i>Salmo trutta</i> complex phylogenetic analysis genomic analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/7/3219 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT edodagaro geneticandphenotypiccharacteristicsoftheisalmotruttaicomplexinitaly AT pierpaologibertoni geneticandphenotypiccharacteristicsoftheisalmotruttaicomplexinitaly AT fabiomarroni geneticandphenotypiccharacteristicsoftheisalmotruttaicomplexinitaly AT mariamessina geneticandphenotypiccharacteristicsoftheisalmotruttaicomplexinitaly AT emiliotibaldi geneticandphenotypiccharacteristicsoftheisalmotruttaicomplexinitaly AT stefanoesposito geneticandphenotypiccharacteristicsoftheisalmotruttaicomplexinitaly |