Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) Strains Isolated from Patients
Polyphenols have attracted attention in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as they show antibacterial action. Considering that polyphenols inhibit F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub>-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) and that bacteria need a constant energy production to maint...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/17/6183 |
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| author | Silvia Ravera Gabriele Tancreda Luigi Vezzulli Anna Maria Schito Isabella Panfoli |
| author_facet | Silvia Ravera Gabriele Tancreda Luigi Vezzulli Anna Maria Schito Isabella Panfoli |
| author_sort | Silvia Ravera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyphenols have attracted attention in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as they show antibacterial action. Considering that polyphenols inhibit F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub>-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) and that bacteria need a constant energy production to maintain their homeostasis, we evaluated the effect of two flavones, cirsiliol (tri-hy-droxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone) and quercetin (3,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), on energy production and intracellular ATP content in a methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strain and a methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) strain isolated from patients, comparing the results to those obtained by treating the bacteria with oligomycin, a specific ATP synthase F<sub>o</sub> moiety inhibitor. Real-time quantitative ATP synthesis and total ATP content of permeabilized Gram-positive bacteria were assayed by luminometry. The results showed that cirsiliol and quercetin inhibited ATP synthase and decreased the intracellular ATP levels in both strains, although the effect was higher in MRSE. In addition, while cirsiliol and quercetin acted immediately after the treatment, oligomycin inhibited ATP synthesis only after 30 min of incubation, suggesting that the different responses may depend on the different permeability of the bacterial wall to the three molecules. Thus, cirsiliol and quercetin could be considered potential additions to antibiotics due to their ability to target ATP synthase, against which bacteria cannot develop resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:17:10Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:17:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3485d73d2b7042049df5893e6291cc622023-11-19T08:32:27ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-08-012817618310.3390/molecules28176183Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) Strains Isolated from PatientsSilvia Ravera0Gabriele Tancreda1Luigi Vezzulli2Anna Maria Schito3Isabella Panfoli4Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyPolyphenols have attracted attention in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as they show antibacterial action. Considering that polyphenols inhibit F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub>-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) and that bacteria need a constant energy production to maintain their homeostasis, we evaluated the effect of two flavones, cirsiliol (tri-hy-droxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone) and quercetin (3,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), on energy production and intracellular ATP content in a methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strain and a methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) strain isolated from patients, comparing the results to those obtained by treating the bacteria with oligomycin, a specific ATP synthase F<sub>o</sub> moiety inhibitor. Real-time quantitative ATP synthesis and total ATP content of permeabilized Gram-positive bacteria were assayed by luminometry. The results showed that cirsiliol and quercetin inhibited ATP synthase and decreased the intracellular ATP levels in both strains, although the effect was higher in MRSE. In addition, while cirsiliol and quercetin acted immediately after the treatment, oligomycin inhibited ATP synthesis only after 30 min of incubation, suggesting that the different responses may depend on the different permeability of the bacterial wall to the three molecules. Thus, cirsiliol and quercetin could be considered potential additions to antibiotics due to their ability to target ATP synthase, against which bacteria cannot develop resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/17/6183ATP synthesisF<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub>-ATP synthaseflavonoidsmethicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA)methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE)cirsiliol |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Ravera Gabriele Tancreda Luigi Vezzulli Anna Maria Schito Isabella Panfoli Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) Strains Isolated from Patients Molecules ATP synthesis F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub>-ATP synthase flavonoids methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) cirsiliol |
| title | Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) Strains Isolated from Patients |
| title_full | Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) Strains Isolated from Patients |
| title_fullStr | Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) Strains Isolated from Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) Strains Isolated from Patients |
| title_short | Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) Strains Isolated from Patients |
| title_sort | cirsiliol and quercetin inhibit atp synthesis and decrease the energy balance in methicillin resistant i staphylococcus aureus i mrsa and methicillin resistant i staphylococcus epidermidis i mrse strains isolated from patients |
| topic | ATP synthesis F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub>-ATP synthase flavonoids methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (MRSE) cirsiliol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/17/6183 |
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