Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuroinflammation
Korean ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i>) is a traditional herbal supplement known to have a variety of pharmacological activities. A smart farm system could provide potential standardization of ginseng seedlings after investigating plant metabolic responses to various parameters in order to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/3/640 |
| _version_ | 1797623454604722176 |
|---|---|
| author | Tianqi Huang Sangbin Lee Teamin Lee Seungbeom Yun Yongduk Kim Hyunok Yang |
| author_facet | Tianqi Huang Sangbin Lee Teamin Lee Seungbeom Yun Yongduk Kim Hyunok Yang |
| author_sort | Tianqi Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Korean ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i>) is a traditional herbal supplement known to have a variety of pharmacological activities. A smart farm system could provide potential standardization of ginseng seedlings after investigating plant metabolic responses to various parameters in order to design optimal conditions. This research was performed to investigate the effect of smart-farmed ginseng on memory improvement in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit mouse model and an LPS-induced microglial cell model. A smart farming system was applied to culture ginseng. The administration of its extract (S2 extract) under specific culture conditions significantly attenuated cognitive and spatial memory deficits by regulating AKT/ERK/CREB signaling, as well as the cortical inflammation associated with suppression of COX-2 and NLRP3 induced by scopolamine. In addition, S2 extract improved the activation of iNOS and COX-2, and the secretion of NO in LPS-induced BV-2 microglia. Based on the HPLC fingerprint and in vitro data, ginsenosides Rb2 and Rd were found to be the main contributors to the anti-inflammatory effects of the S2 extract. Our findings suggest that integrating a smart farm system may enhance the metabolic productivity of ginseng and provides evidence of its potential impact on natural bioactive compounds of medicinal plants with beneficial qualities, such as ginsenosides Rb2 and Rd. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:29:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-348879c8fd4c4959b528e2104a8738d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:29:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-348879c8fd4c4959b528e2104a8738d12023-11-16T17:45:19ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-02-0112364010.3390/plants12030640Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and NeuroinflammationTianqi Huang0Sangbin Lee1Teamin Lee2Seungbeom Yun3Yongduk Kim4Hyunok Yang5Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry and Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry and Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry and Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaR&D Center, BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Gyeonggi Technopark, 705, Ansan 15588, Republic of KoreaR&D Center, BTC Corporation, Technology Development Center, Gyeonggi Technopark, 705, Ansan 15588, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry and Convergence Research Center for Natural Products, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaKorean ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i>) is a traditional herbal supplement known to have a variety of pharmacological activities. A smart farm system could provide potential standardization of ginseng seedlings after investigating plant metabolic responses to various parameters in order to design optimal conditions. This research was performed to investigate the effect of smart-farmed ginseng on memory improvement in a scopolamine-induced memory deficit mouse model and an LPS-induced microglial cell model. A smart farming system was applied to culture ginseng. The administration of its extract (S2 extract) under specific culture conditions significantly attenuated cognitive and spatial memory deficits by regulating AKT/ERK/CREB signaling, as well as the cortical inflammation associated with suppression of COX-2 and NLRP3 induced by scopolamine. In addition, S2 extract improved the activation of iNOS and COX-2, and the secretion of NO in LPS-induced BV-2 microglia. Based on the HPLC fingerprint and in vitro data, ginsenosides Rb2 and Rd were found to be the main contributors to the anti-inflammatory effects of the S2 extract. Our findings suggest that integrating a smart farm system may enhance the metabolic productivity of ginseng and provides evidence of its potential impact on natural bioactive compounds of medicinal plants with beneficial qualities, such as ginsenosides Rb2 and Rd.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/3/640smart farm systemginsengginsenosidememory repairinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Tianqi Huang Sangbin Lee Teamin Lee Seungbeom Yun Yongduk Kim Hyunok Yang Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuroinflammation Plants smart farm system ginseng ginsenoside memory repair inflammation |
| title | Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuroinflammation |
| title_full | Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuroinflammation |
| title_fullStr | Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuroinflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuroinflammation |
| title_short | Smart Farming Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on Moderating Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits and Neuroinflammation |
| title_sort | smart farming enhances bioactive compounds content of i panax ginseng i on moderating scopolamine induced memory deficits and neuroinflammation |
| topic | smart farm system ginseng ginsenoside memory repair inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/3/640 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tianqihuang smartfarmingenhancesbioactivecompoundscontentofipanaxginsengionmoderatingscopolamineinducedmemorydeficitsandneuroinflammation AT sangbinlee smartfarmingenhancesbioactivecompoundscontentofipanaxginsengionmoderatingscopolamineinducedmemorydeficitsandneuroinflammation AT teaminlee smartfarmingenhancesbioactivecompoundscontentofipanaxginsengionmoderatingscopolamineinducedmemorydeficitsandneuroinflammation AT seungbeomyun smartfarmingenhancesbioactivecompoundscontentofipanaxginsengionmoderatingscopolamineinducedmemorydeficitsandneuroinflammation AT yongdukkim smartfarmingenhancesbioactivecompoundscontentofipanaxginsengionmoderatingscopolamineinducedmemorydeficitsandneuroinflammation AT hyunokyang smartfarmingenhancesbioactivecompoundscontentofipanaxginsengionmoderatingscopolamineinducedmemorydeficitsandneuroinflammation |