Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken method
The tribological properties of the sponge gourd outer skin fiber (SGOSF)-reinforced epoxy composites filled with tamarind seed powder were investigated using a pin-on-disc dry sliding wear testing machine. The fiber and filler contents were kept constant (30 and 7.5 wt%). The fibers were treated wit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2023-11-01
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| Series: | e-Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0052 |
| _version_ | 1797562008479989760 |
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| author | Arockiasamy Felix Sahayaraj Muthukrishnan Mayakrishnan Iyyadurai Jenish Kaliappan Seeniappan Lakshmaiya Natrayan Djearamane Sinouvassane Tey Lai-Hock Wong Ling Shing Kayarohanam Saminathan Obaid Sami Al Alfarraj Saleh Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam |
| author_facet | Arockiasamy Felix Sahayaraj Muthukrishnan Mayakrishnan Iyyadurai Jenish Kaliappan Seeniappan Lakshmaiya Natrayan Djearamane Sinouvassane Tey Lai-Hock Wong Ling Shing Kayarohanam Saminathan Obaid Sami Al Alfarraj Saleh Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam |
| author_sort | Arockiasamy Felix Sahayaraj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tribological properties of the sponge gourd outer skin fiber (SGOSF)-reinforced epoxy composites filled with tamarind seed powder were investigated using a pin-on-disc dry sliding wear testing machine. The fiber and filler contents were kept constant (30 and 7.5 wt%). The fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which increases the bonding strength that has been identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM). A filler content of 7.5 wt% has better hardness due to the embedment of filler with treated fiber and epoxy. Therefore, the SGOSFs/epoxy with 7.5 wt% tamarind filler was chosen for the study of tribological characterization. The lowest specific wear rate of 2.565 × 10−4 mm3·N m−1 was obtained using the design of expert optimization technique for the control factors such as a load of 44.99 N, a sliding distance of 1,701.39 m, and a sliding velocity of 3.36 m·s−1 using a ramp plot at the desirable level of 1. For the gripping material application, the highest coefficient of friction value of 0.51 was obtained by maintaining the specified input parameters, such as a load of 42.15 N, a sliding distance of 1,874.86 m, and a sliding velocity of 4.99 m·s−1 using a ramp plot at the desirable level of 0.927. SEM images were used to investigate the failure mechanism of the worn surfaces, which substantiates the failure of the pure matrix layer on the surface even at low load, followed by the formation of a rarely breakable adhesive layer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:22:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-348a6d7c7ba54e3cb665c2a237713ffa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1618-7229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:22:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | e-Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-348a6d7c7ba54e3cb665c2a237713ffa2023-11-20T07:16:03ZengDe Gruytere-Polymers1618-72292023-11-0123129637910.1515/epoly-2023-0052Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken methodArockiasamy Felix Sahayaraj0Muthukrishnan Mayakrishnan1Iyyadurai Jenish2Kaliappan Seeniappan3Lakshmaiya Natrayan4Djearamane Sinouvassane5Tey Lai-Hock6Wong Ling Shing7Kayarohanam Saminathan8Obaid Sami Al9Alfarraj Saleh10Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam11Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641402, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sree Sakthi Engineering College, Tamil Nadu-641104, IndiaDepartment of Applied Mechanics, Seenu Atoll School, Hulhu-medhoo, Addu City19060, MaldivesDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Karapakkam, Chennai-600097, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBiomedical Research Unit and Lab Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai602 105, IndiaFaculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar31900, MalaysiaFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800MalaysiaFaculty of Bioeconomics and Health Sciences, Geomatika University College, Kuala Lumpur54200, MalaysiaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box-2455, Riyadh -11451, Saudi ArabiaZoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of KoreaThe tribological properties of the sponge gourd outer skin fiber (SGOSF)-reinforced epoxy composites filled with tamarind seed powder were investigated using a pin-on-disc dry sliding wear testing machine. The fiber and filler contents were kept constant (30 and 7.5 wt%). The fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which increases the bonding strength that has been identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM). A filler content of 7.5 wt% has better hardness due to the embedment of filler with treated fiber and epoxy. Therefore, the SGOSFs/epoxy with 7.5 wt% tamarind filler was chosen for the study of tribological characterization. The lowest specific wear rate of 2.565 × 10−4 mm3·N m−1 was obtained using the design of expert optimization technique for the control factors such as a load of 44.99 N, a sliding distance of 1,701.39 m, and a sliding velocity of 3.36 m·s−1 using a ramp plot at the desirable level of 1. For the gripping material application, the highest coefficient of friction value of 0.51 was obtained by maintaining the specified input parameters, such as a load of 42.15 N, a sliding distance of 1,874.86 m, and a sliding velocity of 4.99 m·s−1 using a ramp plot at the desirable level of 0.927. SEM images were used to investigate the failure mechanism of the worn surfaces, which substantiates the failure of the pure matrix layer on the surface even at low load, followed by the formation of a rarely breakable adhesive layer.https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0052pin-on-disc wear testtribologypolymer compositeresponse surface methodologysem |
| spellingShingle | Arockiasamy Felix Sahayaraj Muthukrishnan Mayakrishnan Iyyadurai Jenish Kaliappan Seeniappan Lakshmaiya Natrayan Djearamane Sinouvassane Tey Lai-Hock Wong Ling Shing Kayarohanam Saminathan Obaid Sami Al Alfarraj Saleh Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken method e-Polymers pin-on-disc wear test tribology polymer composite response surface methodology sem |
| title | Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken method |
| title_full | Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken method |
| title_fullStr | Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken method |
| title_short | Tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with Tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the Box–Behnken method |
| title_sort | tribological characterization of sponge gourd outer skin fiber reinforced epoxy composite with tamarindus indica seed filler addition using the box behnken method |
| topic | pin-on-disc wear test tribology polymer composite response surface methodology sem |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0052 |
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