Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response to environmental triggers, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory signaling through macrophages and the innate immune system are increasingly recognized as important contributors to multiple acute and chronic disease processes. Ni...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/7856 |
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| author | Sang Min Lee Kyung-No Son Dhara Shah Marwan Ali Arun Balasubramaniam Deepak Shukla Vinay Kumar Aakalu |
| author_facet | Sang Min Lee Kyung-No Son Dhara Shah Marwan Ali Arun Balasubramaniam Deepak Shukla Vinay Kumar Aakalu |
| author_sort | Sang Min Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response to environmental triggers, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory signaling through macrophages and the innate immune system are increasingly recognized as important contributors to multiple acute and chronic disease processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that plays an important role in immune and inflammatory responses as an important intercellular messenger. In addition, NO has an important role in inflammatory responses in mucosal environments such as the ocular surface. Histatin peptides are well-established antimicrobial and wound healing agents. These peptides are important in multiple biological systems, playing roles in responses to the environment and immunomodulation. Given the importance of macrophages in responses to environmental triggers and pathogens, we investigated the effect of histatin-1 (Hst1) on LPS-induced inflammatory responses and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 (RAW) macrophages. LPS-induced inflammatory signaling, NO production and cytokine production in macrophages were tested in response to treatment with Hst1. Hst1 application significantly reduced LPS-induced NO production, inflammatory cytokine production, and inflammatory signaling through the JNK and NF-kB pathways in RAW cells. These results demonstrate that Hst1 can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:14:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3494f3c8fdc94918bee076c55e850d9b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:14:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3494f3c8fdc94918bee076c55e850d9b2023-11-22T05:39:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-07-012215785610.3390/ijms22157856Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 MacrophagesSang Min Lee0Kyung-No Son1Dhara Shah2Marwan Ali3Arun Balasubramaniam4Deepak Shukla5Vinay Kumar Aakalu6Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USAMacrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response to environmental triggers, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Inflammatory signaling through macrophages and the innate immune system are increasingly recognized as important contributors to multiple acute and chronic disease processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that plays an important role in immune and inflammatory responses as an important intercellular messenger. In addition, NO has an important role in inflammatory responses in mucosal environments such as the ocular surface. Histatin peptides are well-established antimicrobial and wound healing agents. These peptides are important in multiple biological systems, playing roles in responses to the environment and immunomodulation. Given the importance of macrophages in responses to environmental triggers and pathogens, we investigated the effect of histatin-1 (Hst1) on LPS-induced inflammatory responses and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 (RAW) macrophages. LPS-induced inflammatory signaling, NO production and cytokine production in macrophages were tested in response to treatment with Hst1. Hst1 application significantly reduced LPS-induced NO production, inflammatory cytokine production, and inflammatory signaling through the JNK and NF-kB pathways in RAW cells. These results demonstrate that Hst1 can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/7856histatinlipopolysaccharideanti-microbial peptidemacrophageinnateadaptive |
| spellingShingle | Sang Min Lee Kyung-No Son Dhara Shah Marwan Ali Arun Balasubramaniam Deepak Shukla Vinay Kumar Aakalu Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages International Journal of Molecular Sciences histatin lipopolysaccharide anti-microbial peptide macrophage innate adaptive |
| title | Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages |
| title_full | Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages |
| title_short | Histatin-1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Signaling in RAW264.7 Macrophages |
| title_sort | histatin 1 attenuates lps induced inflammatory signaling in raw264 7 macrophages |
| topic | histatin lipopolysaccharide anti-microbial peptide macrophage innate adaptive |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/7856 |
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