Rumen Fermentation—Microbiota—Host Gene Expression Interactions to Reveal the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep in Different Periods
As an important ruminant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan sheep can maintain their population reproduction rate in the harsh high-altitude environment of low temperature and low oxygen, which relies on their special plateau adaptations mechanism that they have formed for a long time. Microbiome...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| author | Weibing Lv Xiu Liu Yuzhu Sha Hao Shi Hong Wei Yuzhu Luo Jiqing Wang Shaobin Li Jiang Hu Xinyu Guo Xiaoning Pu |
| author_facet | Weibing Lv Xiu Liu Yuzhu Sha Hao Shi Hong Wei Yuzhu Luo Jiqing Wang Shaobin Li Jiang Hu Xinyu Guo Xiaoning Pu |
| author_sort | Weibing Lv |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As an important ruminant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan sheep can maintain their population reproduction rate in the harsh high-altitude environment of low temperature and low oxygen, which relies on their special plateau adaptations mechanism that they have formed for a long time. Microbiomes (known as “second genomes”) are closely related to the nutrient absorption, adaptability, and health of the host. In this study, rumen fermentation characteristics, the microbiota, and rumen epithelial gene expression of Tibetan sheep in various months were analyzed. The results show that the rumen fermentation characteristics of Tibetan sheep differed in different months. The total SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids), acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were highest in October and lowest in June. The CL (cellulase) activity was highest in February, while the ACX (acid xylanase) activity was highest in April. In addition, the diversity and abundance of rumen microbes differed in different months. Bacteroidetes (53.4%) and Firmicutes (27.4%) were the dominant phyla. <i>Prevotella_1</i> and <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</i> were the dominant genera. The abundance of <i>Prevotella_1</i> was highest in June (27.8%) and lowest in December (17.8%). In addition, the expression of <i>CLAUDIN4</i> (Claudin-4) and <i>ZO1</i> (Zonula occludens 1) was significantly higher in April than in August and December, while the expression of <i>SGLT1</i> (Sodium glucose linked transporter 1) was highest in August. Correlation analysis showed that there were interactions among rumen fermentation characteristics, the microbiota, and host gene expression, mainly by adjusting the amino acid metabolism pathway and energy metabolism pathway to improve energy utilization. At the same time, we adjusted the balance of the rumen “core microbiota” to promote the development of rumen and maintain the homeostasis of rumen environment, which makes Tibetan sheep better able to adapt to the harsh environment in different periods of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:39:20Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:39:20Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-34a0cab8eb514531bee6e75e48e1beae2023-11-23T03:28:20ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-12-011112352910.3390/ani11123529Rumen Fermentation—Microbiota—Host Gene Expression Interactions to Reveal the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep in Different PeriodsWeibing Lv0Xiu Liu1Yuzhu Sha2Hao Shi3Hong Wei4Yuzhu Luo5Jiqing Wang6Shaobin Li7Jiang Hu8Xinyu Guo9Xiaoning Pu10College of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology/Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaAs an important ruminant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Tibetan sheep can maintain their population reproduction rate in the harsh high-altitude environment of low temperature and low oxygen, which relies on their special plateau adaptations mechanism that they have formed for a long time. Microbiomes (known as “second genomes”) are closely related to the nutrient absorption, adaptability, and health of the host. In this study, rumen fermentation characteristics, the microbiota, and rumen epithelial gene expression of Tibetan sheep in various months were analyzed. The results show that the rumen fermentation characteristics of Tibetan sheep differed in different months. The total SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids), acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were highest in October and lowest in June. The CL (cellulase) activity was highest in February, while the ACX (acid xylanase) activity was highest in April. In addition, the diversity and abundance of rumen microbes differed in different months. Bacteroidetes (53.4%) and Firmicutes (27.4%) were the dominant phyla. <i>Prevotella_1</i> and <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</i> were the dominant genera. The abundance of <i>Prevotella_1</i> was highest in June (27.8%) and lowest in December (17.8%). In addition, the expression of <i>CLAUDIN4</i> (Claudin-4) and <i>ZO1</i> (Zonula occludens 1) was significantly higher in April than in August and December, while the expression of <i>SGLT1</i> (Sodium glucose linked transporter 1) was highest in August. Correlation analysis showed that there were interactions among rumen fermentation characteristics, the microbiota, and host gene expression, mainly by adjusting the amino acid metabolism pathway and energy metabolism pathway to improve energy utilization. At the same time, we adjusted the balance of the rumen “core microbiota” to promote the development of rumen and maintain the homeostasis of rumen environment, which makes Tibetan sheep better able to adapt to the harsh environment in different periods of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/12/3529rumen fermentationmicrobiota16S rRNAgene expressionTibetan sheep |
| spellingShingle | Weibing Lv Xiu Liu Yuzhu Sha Hao Shi Hong Wei Yuzhu Luo Jiqing Wang Shaobin Li Jiang Hu Xinyu Guo Xiaoning Pu Rumen Fermentation—Microbiota—Host Gene Expression Interactions to Reveal the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep in Different Periods Animals rumen fermentation microbiota 16S rRNA gene expression Tibetan sheep |
| title | Rumen Fermentation—Microbiota—Host Gene Expression Interactions to Reveal the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep in Different Periods |
| title_full | Rumen Fermentation—Microbiota—Host Gene Expression Interactions to Reveal the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep in Different Periods |
| title_fullStr | Rumen Fermentation—Microbiota—Host Gene Expression Interactions to Reveal the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep in Different Periods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rumen Fermentation—Microbiota—Host Gene Expression Interactions to Reveal the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep in Different Periods |
| title_short | Rumen Fermentation—Microbiota—Host Gene Expression Interactions to Reveal the Adaptability of Tibetan Sheep in Different Periods |
| title_sort | rumen fermentation microbiota host gene expression interactions to reveal the adaptability of tibetan sheep in different periods |
| topic | rumen fermentation microbiota 16S rRNA gene expression Tibetan sheep |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/12/3529 |
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