Steam-Reforming Characteristics of Heavy and Light Tars Derived from Cellulose
In this study, tar formation and steam-reforming mechanisms are discussed by separating the tars into heavy, middle, and light tars. Cellulose was heated in a drop-tube furnace under an Ar or Ar/steam atmosphere. After the tars were passed through the furnace for thermal cracking and polymerization,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
2012-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Thermal Science and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jtst/7/1/7_180/_pdf/-char/en |
| _version_ | 1819178169238814720 |
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| author | Hirotatsu WATANABE Yosuke MORINAGA Ken OKAZAKI |
| author_facet | Hirotatsu WATANABE Yosuke MORINAGA Ken OKAZAKI |
| author_sort | Hirotatsu WATANABE |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, tar formation and steam-reforming mechanisms are discussed by separating the tars into heavy, middle, and light tars. Cellulose was heated in a drop-tube furnace under an Ar or Ar/steam atmosphere. After the tars were passed through the furnace for thermal cracking and polymerization, they were trapped by filters set at different temperatures (573, 393, and 273 K), and were respectively defined as heavy, middle, and light tars. Incondensable volatiles and gaseous products were measured using gas chromatography with thermal conductivity (GC-TCD), and flame ionization (GC-FID) detectors. The middle and light tars obtained under an Ar atmosphere were first characterized using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). The analysis showed that the middle tar did not contain any low-boiling-point light tar components, while the light tar did contain them. It was also found that complex species in the tars were separated to a certain degree by changing the trap temperature. Moreover, the formation of heavy tar was quite different from that of the light tar. With increasing temperature, the formation of heavy tar was inhibited, while that of the light tar was enhanced during pyrolysis. The steam-reforming characteristics of these tars were also different. The heavy tar was barely reformed at a low temperature of 873 K, even with a long residence time, while the middle tar was well reformed by steam. While it was difficult to describe the tar formation and steam-reforming characteristics when the tar was considered as a single condensable matter, the tar formation and steam-reforming characteristics were clarified by separating the tars. This study shows that, to prevent tar emissions, the formation of heavy tar, which barely reacts with steam, should be inhibited during pyrolysis by controlling the heating. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:38:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34a1244de5784b7d82be261cc5fb5729 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1880-5566 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:38:16Z |
| publishDate | 2012-05-01 |
| publisher | The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Thermal Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-34a1244de5784b7d82be261cc5fb57292022-12-21T18:11:41ZengThe Japan Society of Mechanical EngineersJournal of Thermal Science and Technology1880-55662012-05-017118018910.1299/jtst.7.180jtstSteam-Reforming Characteristics of Heavy and Light Tars Derived from CelluloseHirotatsu WATANABE0Yosuke MORINAGA1Ken OKAZAKI2Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyIn this study, tar formation and steam-reforming mechanisms are discussed by separating the tars into heavy, middle, and light tars. Cellulose was heated in a drop-tube furnace under an Ar or Ar/steam atmosphere. After the tars were passed through the furnace for thermal cracking and polymerization, they were trapped by filters set at different temperatures (573, 393, and 273 K), and were respectively defined as heavy, middle, and light tars. Incondensable volatiles and gaseous products were measured using gas chromatography with thermal conductivity (GC-TCD), and flame ionization (GC-FID) detectors. The middle and light tars obtained under an Ar atmosphere were first characterized using time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). The analysis showed that the middle tar did not contain any low-boiling-point light tar components, while the light tar did contain them. It was also found that complex species in the tars were separated to a certain degree by changing the trap temperature. Moreover, the formation of heavy tar was quite different from that of the light tar. With increasing temperature, the formation of heavy tar was inhibited, while that of the light tar was enhanced during pyrolysis. The steam-reforming characteristics of these tars were also different. The heavy tar was barely reformed at a low temperature of 873 K, even with a long residence time, while the middle tar was well reformed by steam. While it was difficult to describe the tar formation and steam-reforming characteristics when the tar was considered as a single condensable matter, the tar formation and steam-reforming characteristics were clarified by separating the tars. This study shows that, to prevent tar emissions, the formation of heavy tar, which barely reacts with steam, should be inhibited during pyrolysis by controlling the heating.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jtst/7/1/7_180/_pdf/-char/enbiomassheavy tarsteam reformingcellulosetar separation |
| spellingShingle | Hirotatsu WATANABE Yosuke MORINAGA Ken OKAZAKI Steam-Reforming Characteristics of Heavy and Light Tars Derived from Cellulose Journal of Thermal Science and Technology biomass heavy tar steam reforming cellulose tar separation |
| title | Steam-Reforming Characteristics of Heavy and Light Tars Derived from Cellulose |
| title_full | Steam-Reforming Characteristics of Heavy and Light Tars Derived from Cellulose |
| title_fullStr | Steam-Reforming Characteristics of Heavy and Light Tars Derived from Cellulose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Steam-Reforming Characteristics of Heavy and Light Tars Derived from Cellulose |
| title_short | Steam-Reforming Characteristics of Heavy and Light Tars Derived from Cellulose |
| title_sort | steam reforming characteristics of heavy and light tars derived from cellulose |
| topic | biomass heavy tar steam reforming cellulose tar separation |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jtst/7/1/7_180/_pdf/-char/en |
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