Cross-linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compounds
Siloxanes are a group of substances characterized by Si-O-Si functional group. Siloxanes can react with alcohols to form Si-O-C bond. Siloxanes have been widely used as crossing linking agents and graft copolymers as well as additives for plastics. Lignin contains both phenolic and aliphatic hydroxy...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1355976/full |
| _version_ | 1797320881749360640 |
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| author | Samantha Grade Xavier Zhang Che-Hao Yang Isaac Oduro Chenxi Wang |
| author_facet | Samantha Grade Xavier Zhang Che-Hao Yang Isaac Oduro Chenxi Wang |
| author_sort | Samantha Grade |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Siloxanes are a group of substances characterized by Si-O-Si functional group. Siloxanes can react with alcohols to form Si-O-C bond. Siloxanes have been widely used as crossing linking agents and graft copolymers as well as additives for plastics. Lignin contains both phenolic and aliphatic hydroxy groups which have the potential to instigate bonding with siloxane compounds. However, there has not been any attempt to apply siloxanes as crosslinking agents for biobased composite formation. This manuscript presents the first study of applying siloxanes compounds to lignin and Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with respective PLA, PETG, and HDPE to prepare biocomposites. Both Tetramethyl Tetraphenyl Trisiloxane (TTT) and Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were used as cross-linking agents. We have successfully incorporated 20 wt% lignin and 10 wt% CNF into the biocomposite filaments. The tensile properties of ensuing biocomposite were investigated. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential of lignin and CNF as a sustainable co-polymer to improve the properties of PLA/PETG/HDPE-based materials for 3D printing. This paper will also discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of lignin in 3D printing, including the effect of lignin and CNF content on the mechanical and thermal properties, the compatibility of lignin and CNF with PLA/PETG/HDPE, and the potential for further optimization of the cross-linking chemistry using TTT and TEOS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:50:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34a189cf8e594b43afbe64f8bb2e3ecc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-8016 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:50:28Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-34a189cf8e594b43afbe64f8bb2e3ecc2024-02-08T05:15:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Materials2296-80162024-02-011110.3389/fmats.2024.13559761355976Cross-linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compoundsSamantha Grade0Xavier Zhang1Che-Hao Yang2Isaac Oduro3Chenxi Wang4School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA, United StatesSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA, United StatesSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA, United StatesBioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, Richland, WA, United StatesBioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, Richland, WA, United StatesSiloxanes are a group of substances characterized by Si-O-Si functional group. Siloxanes can react with alcohols to form Si-O-C bond. Siloxanes have been widely used as crossing linking agents and graft copolymers as well as additives for plastics. Lignin contains both phenolic and aliphatic hydroxy groups which have the potential to instigate bonding with siloxane compounds. However, there has not been any attempt to apply siloxanes as crosslinking agents for biobased composite formation. This manuscript presents the first study of applying siloxanes compounds to lignin and Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with respective PLA, PETG, and HDPE to prepare biocomposites. Both Tetramethyl Tetraphenyl Trisiloxane (TTT) and Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were used as cross-linking agents. We have successfully incorporated 20 wt% lignin and 10 wt% CNF into the biocomposite filaments. The tensile properties of ensuing biocomposite were investigated. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the potential of lignin and CNF as a sustainable co-polymer to improve the properties of PLA/PETG/HDPE-based materials for 3D printing. This paper will also discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of lignin in 3D printing, including the effect of lignin and CNF content on the mechanical and thermal properties, the compatibility of lignin and CNF with PLA/PETG/HDPE, and the potential for further optimization of the cross-linking chemistry using TTT and TEOS.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1355976/fulllignincellulose nanofibers3D printingtensile strengthbiopolymers |
| spellingShingle | Samantha Grade Xavier Zhang Che-Hao Yang Isaac Oduro Chenxi Wang Cross-linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compounds Frontiers in Materials lignin cellulose nanofibers 3D printing tensile strength biopolymers |
| title | Cross-linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compounds |
| title_full | Cross-linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compounds |
| title_fullStr | Cross-linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compounds |
| title_short | Cross-linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compounds |
| title_sort | cross linking lignin and cellulose with polymers using siloxane compounds |
| topic | lignin cellulose nanofibers 3D printing tensile strength biopolymers |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2024.1355976/full |
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