Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China
The pollution status of crops planted in Guizhou province of Southwestern China with high background values of Fluorine (F) and Cadmium (Cd) has attracted people’s concern. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of F and Cd in rice, corn and wheat grains, and further evalua...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1014147/full |
| _version_ | 1811237737062203392 |
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| author | Xiangxiang Li Luoxiong Zhou Cheng Zhang Dasuan Li Zelan Wang Dali Sun Chaoxuan Liao Qinghai Zhang |
| author_facet | Xiangxiang Li Luoxiong Zhou Cheng Zhang Dasuan Li Zelan Wang Dali Sun Chaoxuan Liao Qinghai Zhang |
| author_sort | Xiangxiang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pollution status of crops planted in Guizhou province of Southwestern China with high background values of Fluorine (F) and Cadmium (Cd) has attracted people’s concern. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of F and Cd in rice, corn and wheat grains, and further evaluate their health risks to residents in Guizhou province. The contents of F and Cd were measured by fluoride ion-selective electrode and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, respectively. Additionally, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique was conducted to analyze spatial distribution, and the health risk was estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazardous index (HI). The results indicate that Cd contents in samples varied from 0.000 to 0.463 for rice, 0.000 to 0.307 for corn, and 0.012 to 0.537 (mg/kg) for wheat, while F contents ranged from 0.825 to 5.193 (rice), 0.946 to 8.485 (corn), and 0.271 to 9.143 (wheat) mg/kg. The Cd exceeding ratios were 11.600% for rice, 13.500% for corn, and 45.100% for wheat grains, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, high levels of F and Cd in rice were found in the northern and central in Guizhou, while Cd in corn was distributed in the eastern and F in corn were distributed in the west area of Guizhou. Moreover, the high levels of F and Cd in wheat were distributed in the western and eastern areas. The mean carcinogenic risks (R) of Cd in rice, corn, and wheat in children were 4.150 × 10–4, 1.670 × 10–4 and 3.470 × 10–4, respectively, and that in adults were 3.430 × 10–4, 0.471 × 10–4, and 2.190 × 10–4, respectively. The HI for adults in rice, corn and wheat grains were 0.756, 0.154, and 0.514, respectively, and that for children were 0.913, 0.549, and 0.814, respectively. Collectively, the potential risks produced by F and Cd to the local residents should not be ignored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:28:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34c6000bd96a4aa1a60d735cc9fc3a47 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T12:28:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-34c6000bd96a4aa1a60d735cc9fc3a472022-12-22T03:33:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2022-10-01910.3389/fnut.2022.10141471014147Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, ChinaXiangxiang Li0Luoxiong Zhou1Cheng Zhang2Dasuan Li3Zelan Wang4Dali Sun5Chaoxuan Liao6Qinghai Zhang7The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, ChinaGuizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, ChinaThe pollution status of crops planted in Guizhou province of Southwestern China with high background values of Fluorine (F) and Cadmium (Cd) has attracted people’s concern. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of F and Cd in rice, corn and wheat grains, and further evaluate their health risks to residents in Guizhou province. The contents of F and Cd were measured by fluoride ion-selective electrode and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, respectively. Additionally, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique was conducted to analyze spatial distribution, and the health risk was estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazardous index (HI). The results indicate that Cd contents in samples varied from 0.000 to 0.463 for rice, 0.000 to 0.307 for corn, and 0.012 to 0.537 (mg/kg) for wheat, while F contents ranged from 0.825 to 5.193 (rice), 0.946 to 8.485 (corn), and 0.271 to 9.143 (wheat) mg/kg. The Cd exceeding ratios were 11.600% for rice, 13.500% for corn, and 45.100% for wheat grains, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, high levels of F and Cd in rice were found in the northern and central in Guizhou, while Cd in corn was distributed in the eastern and F in corn were distributed in the west area of Guizhou. Moreover, the high levels of F and Cd in wheat were distributed in the western and eastern areas. The mean carcinogenic risks (R) of Cd in rice, corn, and wheat in children were 4.150 × 10–4, 1.670 × 10–4 and 3.470 × 10–4, respectively, and that in adults were 3.430 × 10–4, 0.471 × 10–4, and 2.190 × 10–4, respectively. The HI for adults in rice, corn and wheat grains were 0.756, 0.154, and 0.514, respectively, and that for children were 0.913, 0.549, and 0.814, respectively. Collectively, the potential risks produced by F and Cd to the local residents should not be ignored.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1014147/fullcadmiumfluorinegrainsspatial distributionhealth risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Xiangxiang Li Luoxiong Zhou Cheng Zhang Dasuan Li Zelan Wang Dali Sun Chaoxuan Liao Qinghai Zhang Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China Frontiers in Nutrition cadmium fluorine grains spatial distribution health risk assessment |
| title | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China |
| title_full | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China |
| title_fullStr | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China |
| title_short | Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China |
| title_sort | spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice corn and wheat grains in most karst regions of guizhou province china |
| topic | cadmium fluorine grains spatial distribution health risk assessment |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1014147/full |
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