Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain
Since the discovery of α-synuclein as the major component in Lewy bodies, research into this protein in the context of Parkinson’s disease pathology has been exponential. Cannabinoids are being investigated as potential therapies for Parkinson’s disease from numerous aspects, but still little is kno...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/507 |
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| author | Rachel Kelly Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans Charlène Joséphine Emmanuel Brouillet Declan P. McKernan Eilís Dowd |
| author_facet | Rachel Kelly Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans Charlène Joséphine Emmanuel Brouillet Declan P. McKernan Eilís Dowd |
| author_sort | Rachel Kelly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the discovery of α-synuclein as the major component in Lewy bodies, research into this protein in the context of Parkinson’s disease pathology has been exponential. Cannabinoids are being investigated as potential therapies for Parkinson’s disease from numerous aspects, but still little is known about the links between the cannabinoid system and the pathogenic α-synuclein protein; understanding these links will be necessary if cannabinoid therapies are to reach the clinic in the future. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the time-course of alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system after viral-mediated α-synuclein overexpression in the rat brain. Rats were given unilateral intranigral injections of AAV-GFP or AAV-α-synuclein and sacrificed 4, 8 and 12 weeks later for qRT-PCR and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of the endocannabinoid system, in addition to histological visualization of α-synuclein expression along the nigrostriatal pathway. As anticipated, intranigral delivery of AAV-α-synuclein induced widespread overexpression of human α-synuclein in the nigrostriatal pathway, both at the mRNA level and the protein level. However, despite this profound α-synuclein overexpression, we detected no differences in CB<sub>1</sub> or CB<sub>2</sub> receptor expression in the nigrostriatal pathway; however, interestingly, there was a reduction in the expression of neuroinflammatory markers. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG and the related lipid immune mediator OEA at week 12 post-surgery, indicating that α-synuclein overexpression triggers dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system. Although this research does show that the endocannabinoid system is impacted by α-synuclein, further research is necessary to more comprehensively understand the link between the cannabinoid system and the α-synuclein aspect of Parkinson’s disease pathology in order for cannabinoid-based therapies to be feasible for the treatment of this disease in the coming years. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:49:47Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:49:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-34cd1aa5c0a6490e97b46759ce7c1d822023-11-23T14:52:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-01-0127250710.3390/molecules27020507Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat BrainRachel Kelly0Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans1Charlène Joséphine2Emmanuel Brouillet3Declan P. McKernan4Eilís Dowd5Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, IrelandNeurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, FranceNeurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, FranceNeurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, FranceDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, IrelandDepartment of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, IrelandSince the discovery of α-synuclein as the major component in Lewy bodies, research into this protein in the context of Parkinson’s disease pathology has been exponential. Cannabinoids are being investigated as potential therapies for Parkinson’s disease from numerous aspects, but still little is known about the links between the cannabinoid system and the pathogenic α-synuclein protein; understanding these links will be necessary if cannabinoid therapies are to reach the clinic in the future. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the time-course of alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system after viral-mediated α-synuclein overexpression in the rat brain. Rats were given unilateral intranigral injections of AAV-GFP or AAV-α-synuclein and sacrificed 4, 8 and 12 weeks later for qRT-PCR and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of the endocannabinoid system, in addition to histological visualization of α-synuclein expression along the nigrostriatal pathway. As anticipated, intranigral delivery of AAV-α-synuclein induced widespread overexpression of human α-synuclein in the nigrostriatal pathway, both at the mRNA level and the protein level. However, despite this profound α-synuclein overexpression, we detected no differences in CB<sub>1</sub> or CB<sub>2</sub> receptor expression in the nigrostriatal pathway; however, interestingly, there was a reduction in the expression of neuroinflammatory markers. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG and the related lipid immune mediator OEA at week 12 post-surgery, indicating that α-synuclein overexpression triggers dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system. Although this research does show that the endocannabinoid system is impacted by α-synuclein, further research is necessary to more comprehensively understand the link between the cannabinoid system and the α-synuclein aspect of Parkinson’s disease pathology in order for cannabinoid-based therapies to be feasible for the treatment of this disease in the coming years.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/507Parkinson’sneuroinflammationcannabinoidsalpha-synuclein |
| spellingShingle | Rachel Kelly Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans Charlène Joséphine Emmanuel Brouillet Declan P. McKernan Eilís Dowd Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain Molecules Parkinson’s neuroinflammation cannabinoids alpha-synuclein |
| title | Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain |
| title_full | Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain |
| title_fullStr | Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain |
| title_short | Time-Course of Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System after Viral-Mediated Overexpression of α-Synuclein in the Rat Brain |
| title_sort | time course of alterations in the endocannabinoid system after viral mediated overexpression of α synuclein in the rat brain |
| topic | Parkinson’s neuroinflammation cannabinoids alpha-synuclein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/2/507 |
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