A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension
The actinopterygian crown group (comprising all living ray-finned fishes) originated by the end of the Carboniferous. However, most late Paleozoic taxa are stem actinopterygians, and broadly resemble stratigraphically older taxa. The early Permian †Brachydegma caelatum is notable for its three-dimen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
2022-05-01
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| Series: | eLife |
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| Online Access: | https://elifesciences.org/articles/58433 |
| _version_ | 1811252359234322432 |
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| author | Thodoris Argyriou Sam Giles Matt Friedman |
| author_facet | Thodoris Argyriou Sam Giles Matt Friedman |
| author_sort | Thodoris Argyriou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The actinopterygian crown group (comprising all living ray-finned fishes) originated by the end of the Carboniferous. However, most late Paleozoic taxa are stem actinopterygians, and broadly resemble stratigraphically older taxa. The early Permian †Brachydegma caelatum is notable for its three-dimensional preservation and past phylogenetic interpretations as a nested member of the neopterygian crown. Here, we use computed microtomography to redescribe †Brachydegma, uncovering an unanticipated combination of primitive (e.g., aortic canal; immobile maxilla) and derived (e.g., differentiated occipital ossifications; posterior stem of parasphenoid; two accessory hyoidean ossifications; double jaw joint) dermal and endoskeletal traits relative to most other Paleozoic actinopterygians. Some of these features were previously thought to be restricted to the neopterygian crown. The precise phylogenetic position of †Brachydegma is unclear, with placements either on the polypterid stem or as an early-diverging stem neopterygian. However, our analyses decisively reject previous placements of †Brachydegma in the neopterygian crown. Critically, we demonstrate that key endoskeletal components of the hyoid portion of the suspensorium of crown neopterygians appeared deeper in the tree than previously thought. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:33:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34d66f2d057a468fa62df22ee2dc3bc3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-084X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:33:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | eLife Sciences Publications Ltd |
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| series | eLife |
| spelling | doaj.art-34d66f2d057a468fa62df22ee2dc3bc32022-12-22T03:25:03ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2022-05-011110.7554/eLife.58433A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspensionThodoris Argyriou0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2036-5088Sam Giles1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-4392Matt Friedman2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0114-7384Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; CR2P, MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Universitée, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, GermanySchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Scientific Associate, The Natural History Museum, London, United KingdomScientific Associate, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Museum of Paleontology and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United StatesThe actinopterygian crown group (comprising all living ray-finned fishes) originated by the end of the Carboniferous. However, most late Paleozoic taxa are stem actinopterygians, and broadly resemble stratigraphically older taxa. The early Permian †Brachydegma caelatum is notable for its three-dimensional preservation and past phylogenetic interpretations as a nested member of the neopterygian crown. Here, we use computed microtomography to redescribe †Brachydegma, uncovering an unanticipated combination of primitive (e.g., aortic canal; immobile maxilla) and derived (e.g., differentiated occipital ossifications; posterior stem of parasphenoid; two accessory hyoidean ossifications; double jaw joint) dermal and endoskeletal traits relative to most other Paleozoic actinopterygians. Some of these features were previously thought to be restricted to the neopterygian crown. The precise phylogenetic position of †Brachydegma is unclear, with placements either on the polypterid stem or as an early-diverging stem neopterygian. However, our analyses decisively reject previous placements of †Brachydegma in the neopterygian crown. Critically, we demonstrate that key endoskeletal components of the hyoid portion of the suspensorium of crown neopterygians appeared deeper in the tree than previously thought.https://elifesciences.org/articles/58433ActinopterygiipaleozoicBrachydegmahyoid archphylogenydouble jaw joint |
| spellingShingle | Thodoris Argyriou Sam Giles Matt Friedman A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension eLife Actinopterygii paleozoic Brachydegma hyoid arch phylogeny double jaw joint |
| title | A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension |
| title_full | A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension |
| title_fullStr | A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension |
| title_short | A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension |
| title_sort | permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian like jaw suspension |
| topic | Actinopterygii paleozoic Brachydegma hyoid arch phylogeny double jaw joint |
| url | https://elifesciences.org/articles/58433 |
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