Two-Stage Fermentation of <em>Lipomyces starkeyi</em> for Production of Microbial Lipids and Biodiesel
The high operating cost is currently a limitation to industrialize microbial lipids production by the yeast <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i>. To explore economic fermentation technology, the two-stage fermentation of <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i> using yeast extract peptone dextrose (YP...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/8/1724 |
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| author | Le Zhang Ee Yang Lim Kai-Chee Loh Yanjun Dai Yen Wah Tong |
| author_facet | Le Zhang Ee Yang Lim Kai-Chee Loh Yanjun Dai Yen Wah Tong |
| author_sort | Le Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The high operating cost is currently a limitation to industrialize microbial lipids production by the yeast <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i>. To explore economic fermentation technology, the two-stage fermentation of <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i> using yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium, orange peel (OP) hydrolysate medium, and their mixed medium were investigated for seven days by monitoring OD<sub>600</sub> values, pH values, cell growth status, C/N ratios, total carbon concentration, total nitrogen concentration, residual sugar concentration, lipid content, lipid titer, and fatty acids profiles of lipids. The results showed that two-stage fermentation with YPD and 50% YPD + 50% OP medium contributed to lipid accumulation, leading to larger internal lipid droplets in the yeast cells. However, the cells in pure OP hydrolysate grew abnormally, showing skinny and angular shapes. Compared to the one-stage fermentation, the two-stage fermentation enhanced lipid contents by 18.5%, 27.1%, and 21.4% in the flasks with YPD medium, OP medium, and 50%YPD + 50%OP medium, and enhanced the lipid titer by 77.8%, 13.6%, and 63.0%, respectively. The microbial lipids obtained from both one-stage and two-stage fermentation showed no significant difference in fatty acid compositions, which were mainly dominated by palmitic acid (33.36–38.43%) and oleic acid (46.6–48.12%). Hence, a mixture of commercial medium and lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate could be a promising option to balance the operating cost and lipid production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34dc2b2ebcc9465e946609654e626a59 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-34dc2b2ebcc9465e946609654e626a592023-11-22T08:47:57ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-08-0198172410.3390/microorganisms9081724Two-Stage Fermentation of <em>Lipomyces starkeyi</em> for Production of Microbial Lipids and BiodieselLe Zhang0Ee Yang Lim1Kai-Chee Loh2Yanjun Dai3Yen Wah Tong4NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, SingaporeEnergy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, SingaporeNUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, SingaporeEnergy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, SingaporeNUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, SingaporeThe high operating cost is currently a limitation to industrialize microbial lipids production by the yeast <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i>. To explore economic fermentation technology, the two-stage fermentation of <i>Lipomyces starkeyi</i> using yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium, orange peel (OP) hydrolysate medium, and their mixed medium were investigated for seven days by monitoring OD<sub>600</sub> values, pH values, cell growth status, C/N ratios, total carbon concentration, total nitrogen concentration, residual sugar concentration, lipid content, lipid titer, and fatty acids profiles of lipids. The results showed that two-stage fermentation with YPD and 50% YPD + 50% OP medium contributed to lipid accumulation, leading to larger internal lipid droplets in the yeast cells. However, the cells in pure OP hydrolysate grew abnormally, showing skinny and angular shapes. Compared to the one-stage fermentation, the two-stage fermentation enhanced lipid contents by 18.5%, 27.1%, and 21.4% in the flasks with YPD medium, OP medium, and 50%YPD + 50%OP medium, and enhanced the lipid titer by 77.8%, 13.6%, and 63.0%, respectively. The microbial lipids obtained from both one-stage and two-stage fermentation showed no significant difference in fatty acid compositions, which were mainly dominated by palmitic acid (33.36–38.43%) and oleic acid (46.6–48.12%). Hence, a mixture of commercial medium and lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate could be a promising option to balance the operating cost and lipid production.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/8/1724two-stage fermentationmicrobial lipidsbiodieseloleaginous yeastwaste-to-resourceorange peel hydrolysate |
| spellingShingle | Le Zhang Ee Yang Lim Kai-Chee Loh Yanjun Dai Yen Wah Tong Two-Stage Fermentation of <em>Lipomyces starkeyi</em> for Production of Microbial Lipids and Biodiesel Microorganisms two-stage fermentation microbial lipids biodiesel oleaginous yeast waste-to-resource orange peel hydrolysate |
| title | Two-Stage Fermentation of <em>Lipomyces starkeyi</em> for Production of Microbial Lipids and Biodiesel |
| title_full | Two-Stage Fermentation of <em>Lipomyces starkeyi</em> for Production of Microbial Lipids and Biodiesel |
| title_fullStr | Two-Stage Fermentation of <em>Lipomyces starkeyi</em> for Production of Microbial Lipids and Biodiesel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-Stage Fermentation of <em>Lipomyces starkeyi</em> for Production of Microbial Lipids and Biodiesel |
| title_short | Two-Stage Fermentation of <em>Lipomyces starkeyi</em> for Production of Microbial Lipids and Biodiesel |
| title_sort | two stage fermentation of em lipomyces starkeyi em for production of microbial lipids and biodiesel |
| topic | two-stage fermentation microbial lipids biodiesel oleaginous yeast waste-to-resource orange peel hydrolysate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/8/1724 |
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