Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination Therapy
According to data from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2018. More than 60% of the new annual cases in the world occur in Africa, Asia, Central America, and Sout...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5686 |
| _version_ | 1797545873954045952 |
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| author | Miguel Angel Galván Morales Raúl Barrera Rodríguez Julio Raúl Santiago Cruz Luis M. Teran |
| author_facet | Miguel Angel Galván Morales Raúl Barrera Rodríguez Julio Raúl Santiago Cruz Luis M. Teran |
| author_sort | Miguel Angel Galván Morales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | According to data from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2018. More than 60% of the new annual cases in the world occur in Africa, Asia, Central America, and South America, with 70% of cancer deaths in these regions. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with 266,120 new cases in American women and an estimated 40,920 deaths for 2018. Approximately one in six women diagnosed with breast cancer will die in the coming years. Recently, novel therapeutic strategies have been implemented in the fight against breast cancer, including molecules able to block signaling pathways, an inhibitor of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), growth receptor blocker antibodies, or those that reactivate the immune system by inhibiting the activities of inhibitory receptors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1). However, novel targets include reactivating the Th1 immune response, changing tumor microenvironment, and co-activation of other components of the immune response such as natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells among others. In this article, we review advances in the treatment of breast cancer focused essentially on immunomodulatory drugs in targeted cancer therapy. Based on this knowledge, we formulate a proposal for the implementation of combined therapy using an extracorporeal immune response reactivation model and cytokines plus modulating antibodies for co-activation of the Th1- and natural killer cell (NK)-dependent immune response, either in situ or through autologous cell therapy. The implementation of “combination immunotherapy” is new hope in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, we consider the coordinated activation of each cell of the immune response that would probably produce better outcomes. Although more research is required, the results recently achieved by combination therapy suggest that for most, if not all, cancer patients, this tailored therapy may become a realistic approach in the near future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:22:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34e34d66cc0e4883ae8ef837773f3cb6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:22:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-34e34d66cc0e4883ae8ef837773f3cb62023-11-20T23:17:30ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-12-012523568610.3390/molecules25235686Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination TherapyMiguel Angel Galván Morales0Raúl Barrera Rodríguez1Julio Raúl Santiago Cruz2Luis M. Teran3Department of Immunogenetics and Allergy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoDepartment of Immunogenetics and Allergy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoDepartment of Immunogenetics and Allergy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoDepartment of Immunogenetics and Allergy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, MexicoAccording to data from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2018. More than 60% of the new annual cases in the world occur in Africa, Asia, Central America, and South America, with 70% of cancer deaths in these regions. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with 266,120 new cases in American women and an estimated 40,920 deaths for 2018. Approximately one in six women diagnosed with breast cancer will die in the coming years. Recently, novel therapeutic strategies have been implemented in the fight against breast cancer, including molecules able to block signaling pathways, an inhibitor of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), growth receptor blocker antibodies, or those that reactivate the immune system by inhibiting the activities of inhibitory receptors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1). However, novel targets include reactivating the Th1 immune response, changing tumor microenvironment, and co-activation of other components of the immune response such as natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells among others. In this article, we review advances in the treatment of breast cancer focused essentially on immunomodulatory drugs in targeted cancer therapy. Based on this knowledge, we formulate a proposal for the implementation of combined therapy using an extracorporeal immune response reactivation model and cytokines plus modulating antibodies for co-activation of the Th1- and natural killer cell (NK)-dependent immune response, either in situ or through autologous cell therapy. The implementation of “combination immunotherapy” is new hope in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, we consider the coordinated activation of each cell of the immune response that would probably produce better outcomes. Although more research is required, the results recently achieved by combination therapy suggest that for most, if not all, cancer patients, this tailored therapy may become a realistic approach in the near future.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5686breast cancerimmunotherapyPD-1CTLA-4signal transduction inhibitorsPARP-1 |
| spellingShingle | Miguel Angel Galván Morales Raúl Barrera Rodríguez Julio Raúl Santiago Cruz Luis M. Teran Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination Therapy Molecules breast cancer immunotherapy PD-1 CTLA-4 signal transduction inhibitors PARP-1 |
| title | Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination Therapy |
| title_full | Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination Therapy |
| title_short | Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination Therapy |
| title_sort | overview of new treatments with immunotherapy for breast cancer and a proposal of a combination therapy |
| topic | breast cancer immunotherapy PD-1 CTLA-4 signal transduction inhibitors PARP-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5686 |
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