Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review
Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that pose a great concern in the aquatic environments related to contamination and poisoning of wild life and humans. Some species of cyanobacteria produce potent toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are extremely aggressive to several orga...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/4/639 |
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| author | Alexandre Campos El Mahdi Redouane Marisa Freitas Samuel Amaral Tomé Azevedo Leticia Loss Csaba Máthé Zakaria A. Mohamed Brahim Oudra Vitor Vasconcelos |
| author_facet | Alexandre Campos El Mahdi Redouane Marisa Freitas Samuel Amaral Tomé Azevedo Leticia Loss Csaba Máthé Zakaria A. Mohamed Brahim Oudra Vitor Vasconcelos |
| author_sort | Alexandre Campos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that pose a great concern in the aquatic environments related to contamination and poisoning of wild life and humans. Some species of cyanobacteria produce potent toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are extremely aggressive to several organisms, including animals and humans. In order to protect human health and prevent human exposure to this type of organisms and toxins, regulatory limits for MCs in drinking water have been established in most countries. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed 1 µg MCs/L as the highest acceptable concentration in drinking water. However, regulatory limits were not defined in waters used in other applications/activities, constituting a potential threat to the environment and to human health. Indeed, water contaminated with MCs or other cyanotoxins is recurrently used in agriculture and for crop and food production. Several deleterious effects of MCs including a decrease in growth, tissue necrosis, inhibition of photosynthesis and metabolic changes have been reported in plants leading to the impairment of crop productivity and economic loss. Studies have also revealed significant accumulation of MCs in edible tissues and plant organs, which raise concerns related to food safety. This work aims to systematize and analyze the information generated by previous scientific studies, namely on the phytotoxicity and the impact of MCs especially on growth, photosynthesis and productivity of agricultural plants. Morphological and physiological parameters of agronomic interest are overviewed in detail in this work, with the aim to evaluate the putative impact of MCs under field conditions. Finally, concentration-dependent effects are highlighted, as these can assist in future guidelines for irrigation waters and establish regulatory limits for MCs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:50:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34e3d50a6b594af2acab5d5d0bc91805 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:50:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-34e3d50a6b594af2acab5d5d0bc918052023-11-21T13:08:37ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-03-0110463910.3390/plants10040639Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A ReviewAlexandre Campos0El Mahdi Redouane1Marisa Freitas2Samuel Amaral3Tomé Azevedo4Leticia Loss5Csaba Máthé6Zakaria A. Mohamed7Brahim Oudra8Vitor Vasconcelos9CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalWater, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, MoroccoCIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalCIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalCIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalCIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, EgyptWater, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, 40000 Marrakech, MoroccoCIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Porto, PortugalCyanobacteria are a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes that pose a great concern in the aquatic environments related to contamination and poisoning of wild life and humans. Some species of cyanobacteria produce potent toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are extremely aggressive to several organisms, including animals and humans. In order to protect human health and prevent human exposure to this type of organisms and toxins, regulatory limits for MCs in drinking water have been established in most countries. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed 1 µg MCs/L as the highest acceptable concentration in drinking water. However, regulatory limits were not defined in waters used in other applications/activities, constituting a potential threat to the environment and to human health. Indeed, water contaminated with MCs or other cyanotoxins is recurrently used in agriculture and for crop and food production. Several deleterious effects of MCs including a decrease in growth, tissue necrosis, inhibition of photosynthesis and metabolic changes have been reported in plants leading to the impairment of crop productivity and economic loss. Studies have also revealed significant accumulation of MCs in edible tissues and plant organs, which raise concerns related to food safety. This work aims to systematize and analyze the information generated by previous scientific studies, namely on the phytotoxicity and the impact of MCs especially on growth, photosynthesis and productivity of agricultural plants. Morphological and physiological parameters of agronomic interest are overviewed in detail in this work, with the aim to evaluate the putative impact of MCs under field conditions. Finally, concentration-dependent effects are highlighted, as these can assist in future guidelines for irrigation waters and establish regulatory limits for MCs.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/4/639harmful algal bloomseutrophic watersmicrocystinsagricultural plantsphytotoxicityirrigation |
| spellingShingle | Alexandre Campos El Mahdi Redouane Marisa Freitas Samuel Amaral Tomé Azevedo Leticia Loss Csaba Máthé Zakaria A. Mohamed Brahim Oudra Vitor Vasconcelos Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review Plants harmful algal blooms eutrophic waters microcystins agricultural plants phytotoxicity irrigation |
| title | Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review |
| title_full | Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review |
| title_short | Impacts of Microcystins on Morphological and Physiological Parameters of Agricultural Plants: A Review |
| title_sort | impacts of microcystins on morphological and physiological parameters of agricultural plants a review |
| topic | harmful algal blooms eutrophic waters microcystins agricultural plants phytotoxicity irrigation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/4/639 |
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