Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine
Abstract Background Adaptive immune response has been thought to play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The role of B cells, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells are different in vaccine-induced immune response, thus it is imperative to explore the functions and kinetics of adaptive immune response. We collecte...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Virology Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01957-1 |
| _version_ | 1797977588563443712 |
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| author | Chan Wang Songhao Yang Liangwei Duan Xiancai Du Jia Tao Yana Wang Jihui Yang Yongxue Lv Junliang Li Cuiying Zhang Jia Wen Yazhou Zhu Liangliang Chang Hui Wang Qi Wang Wei Zhao |
| author_facet | Chan Wang Songhao Yang Liangwei Duan Xiancai Du Jia Tao Yana Wang Jihui Yang Yongxue Lv Junliang Li Cuiying Zhang Jia Wen Yazhou Zhu Liangliang Chang Hui Wang Qi Wang Wei Zhao |
| author_sort | Chan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Adaptive immune response has been thought to play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The role of B cells, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells are different in vaccine-induced immune response, thus it is imperative to explore the functions and kinetics of adaptive immune response. We collected blood samples from unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. To assess the mechanisms contributing to protective immunity of CoronaVac vaccines, we mapped the kinetics and durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after primary and boost vaccination with CoronaVac vaccine in different timepoints. Materials and methods We separate PBMC and plasma from blood samples. The differentiation and function of RBD-spcific CD4+T and CD8+T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. Antibodies response was analyzed by ELISA. ELISPOT analysis was perfomed to detected the RBD-spcific memory B cells. CBA analysis was performed to detected the cytokine immune profiles. Graphpad prism 8 and Origin 2021 were used for statistical analysis. Results Vaccine-induced CD4+T cell responses to RBD were more prominent than CD8+T cell responses, and characterized by a predominant Th1 and weak Th17 helper response. CoronaVac vaccine triggered predominant IgG1 antibody response and effectively recalled specific antibodies to RBD protein after booster vaccination. Robust antigen-specific memory B cells were detected (p < 0.0001) following booster vaccination and maintained at 6 months (p < 0.0001) following primary vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD4+T cells correlated with CD8+T cells (r = 0.7147, 0.3258, p < 0.0001, p = 0.04), memory B cell responses (r = 0.7083, p < 0.0001), and IgG and IgA (r = 0.6168, 0.5519, p = 0.0006, 0.003) after vaccination. In addition, vaccine induced a broader and complex cytokine pattern in plasma at early stage. Conclusion Taken together, these results highlight the potential role of B cell and T cell responses in vaccine-induced long-term immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:09:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34ea53fc333f4f1aa86dcbaef818da32 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1743-422X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T05:09:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virology Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-34ea53fc333f4f1aa86dcbaef818da322022-12-25T12:05:16ZengBMCVirology Journal1743-422X2022-12-0119111210.1186/s12985-022-01957-1Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccineChan Wang0Songhao Yang1Liangwei Duan2Xiancai Du3Jia Tao4Yana Wang5Jihui Yang6Yongxue Lv7Junliang Li8Cuiying Zhang9Jia Wen10Yazhou Zhu11Liangliang Chang12Hui Wang13Qi Wang14Wei Zhao15School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Hydatid Disease of Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversitySchool of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityAbstract Background Adaptive immune response has been thought to play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The role of B cells, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells are different in vaccine-induced immune response, thus it is imperative to explore the functions and kinetics of adaptive immune response. We collected blood samples from unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. To assess the mechanisms contributing to protective immunity of CoronaVac vaccines, we mapped the kinetics and durability of humoral and cellular immune responses after primary and boost vaccination with CoronaVac vaccine in different timepoints. Materials and methods We separate PBMC and plasma from blood samples. The differentiation and function of RBD-spcific CD4+T and CD8+T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA. Antibodies response was analyzed by ELISA. ELISPOT analysis was perfomed to detected the RBD-spcific memory B cells. CBA analysis was performed to detected the cytokine immune profiles. Graphpad prism 8 and Origin 2021 were used for statistical analysis. Results Vaccine-induced CD4+T cell responses to RBD were more prominent than CD8+T cell responses, and characterized by a predominant Th1 and weak Th17 helper response. CoronaVac vaccine triggered predominant IgG1 antibody response and effectively recalled specific antibodies to RBD protein after booster vaccination. Robust antigen-specific memory B cells were detected (p < 0.0001) following booster vaccination and maintained at 6 months (p < 0.0001) following primary vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD4+T cells correlated with CD8+T cells (r = 0.7147, 0.3258, p < 0.0001, p = 0.04), memory B cell responses (r = 0.7083, p < 0.0001), and IgG and IgA (r = 0.6168, 0.5519, p = 0.0006, 0.003) after vaccination. In addition, vaccine induced a broader and complex cytokine pattern in plasma at early stage. Conclusion Taken together, these results highlight the potential role of B cell and T cell responses in vaccine-induced long-term immunity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01957-1SARS-CoV-2Inactivated vaccineCD4+T cellsCD8+T cellsMemory B cells |
| spellingShingle | Chan Wang Songhao Yang Liangwei Duan Xiancai Du Jia Tao Yana Wang Jihui Yang Yongxue Lv Junliang Li Cuiying Zhang Jia Wen Yazhou Zhu Liangliang Chang Hui Wang Qi Wang Wei Zhao Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine Virology Journal SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated vaccine CD4+T cells CD8+T cells Memory B cells |
| title | Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine |
| title_full | Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine |
| title_fullStr | Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine |
| title_short | Adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 CoronaVac vaccine |
| title_sort | adaptive immune responses and cytokine immune profiles in humans following prime and boost vaccination with the sars cov 2 coronavac vaccine |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated vaccine CD4+T cells CD8+T cells Memory B cells |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-022-01957-1 |
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