Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D
Background: To date, no study has described disease progression in Asian patients infected with HIV-1 subtype D. Methods: To determine whether the disease progression differs in patients infected with subtypes D and B prior to starting combination antiretroviral therapy, the annual decline (AD) in C...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S122684531830109X |
| _version_ | 1818971772045754368 |
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| author | Young-Keol Cho Jung-Eun Kim Sun-Hee Lee Brian T. Foley Byeong-Sun Choi |
| author_facet | Young-Keol Cho Jung-Eun Kim Sun-Hee Lee Brian T. Foley Byeong-Sun Choi |
| author_sort | Young-Keol Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: To date, no study has described disease progression in Asian patients infected with HIV-1 subtype D. Methods: To determine whether the disease progression differs in patients infected with subtypes D and B prior to starting combination antiretroviral therapy, the annual decline (AD) in CD4+ T cell counts over 96 ± 59 months was retrospectively analyzed in 163 patients and compared in subtypes D and B based on the nef gene. Results: CD4+ T cell AD was significantly higher in the six subtype D–infected patients than in the 157 subtype B–infected patients irrespective of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment (p < 0.001). Of these, two subtype D–infected patients and 116 subtype B–infected patients had taken KRG. AD was significantly lower in patient in the KRG-treated group than in those in the KRG-naïve group irrespective of subtype (p < 0.05). To control for the effect of KRG, patients not treated with KRG were analyzed, with AD found to be significantly greater in subtype D–infected patients than in subtype B–infected patients (p < 0.01). KRG treatment had a greater effect on AD in subtype D–infected patients than in subtype B–infected patients (4.5-fold vs. 1.6-fold). Mortality rates were significantly higher in both the 45 KRG-naïve (p < 0.001) and all 163 (p < 0.01) patients infected with subtype D than subtype B. Conclusion: Subtype D infection is associated with a >2-fold higher risk of death and a 2.9-fold greater rate of progression than subtype B, regardless of KRG treatment. Keywords: AIDS, Disease progression, HIV-1 subtype D, Korean Red Ginseng, nef gene |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:57:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-34efa7b7f5974114a3f6b109ba139064 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1226-8453 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T14:57:41Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ginseng Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-34efa7b7f5974114a3f6b109ba1390642022-12-21T19:36:44ZengElsevierJournal of Ginseng Research1226-84532019-04-01432312318Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype DYoung-Keol Cho0Jung-Eun Kim1Sun-Hee Lee2Brian T. Foley3Byeong-Sun Choi4Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of KoreaHIV Databases, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USADivision of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Chung-buk, Republic of KoreaBackground: To date, no study has described disease progression in Asian patients infected with HIV-1 subtype D. Methods: To determine whether the disease progression differs in patients infected with subtypes D and B prior to starting combination antiretroviral therapy, the annual decline (AD) in CD4+ T cell counts over 96 ± 59 months was retrospectively analyzed in 163 patients and compared in subtypes D and B based on the nef gene. Results: CD4+ T cell AD was significantly higher in the six subtype D–infected patients than in the 157 subtype B–infected patients irrespective of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment (p < 0.001). Of these, two subtype D–infected patients and 116 subtype B–infected patients had taken KRG. AD was significantly lower in patient in the KRG-treated group than in those in the KRG-naïve group irrespective of subtype (p < 0.05). To control for the effect of KRG, patients not treated with KRG were analyzed, with AD found to be significantly greater in subtype D–infected patients than in subtype B–infected patients (p < 0.01). KRG treatment had a greater effect on AD in subtype D–infected patients than in subtype B–infected patients (4.5-fold vs. 1.6-fold). Mortality rates were significantly higher in both the 45 KRG-naïve (p < 0.001) and all 163 (p < 0.01) patients infected with subtype D than subtype B. Conclusion: Subtype D infection is associated with a >2-fold higher risk of death and a 2.9-fold greater rate of progression than subtype B, regardless of KRG treatment. Keywords: AIDS, Disease progression, HIV-1 subtype D, Korean Red Ginseng, nef genehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S122684531830109X |
| spellingShingle | Young-Keol Cho Jung-Eun Kim Sun-Hee Lee Brian T. Foley Byeong-Sun Choi Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D Journal of Ginseng Research |
| title | Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D |
| title_full | Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D |
| title_fullStr | Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D |
| title_short | Impact of HIV-1 subtype and Korean Red Ginseng on AIDS progression: comparison of subtype B and subtype D |
| title_sort | impact of hiv 1 subtype and korean red ginseng on aids progression comparison of subtype b and subtype d |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S122684531830109X |
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