Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Ethanolic Extract
Tongkat ali (<i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack) (ELJ) is a plant in the Simaroubaceae family. Its roots are used in traditional Thai medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and fever; however, the antiulcer abilities of its ethanolic extract have not been studied. This study examined the ant...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| author | Subhawat Subhawa Warangkana Arpornchayanon Kanjana Jaijoy Sunee Chansakaow Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon Seewaboon Sireeratawong |
| author_facet | Subhawat Subhawa Warangkana Arpornchayanon Kanjana Jaijoy Sunee Chansakaow Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon Seewaboon Sireeratawong |
| author_sort | Subhawat Subhawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tongkat ali (<i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack) (ELJ) is a plant in the Simaroubaceae family. Its roots are used in traditional Thai medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and fever; however, the antiulcer abilities of its ethanolic extract have not been studied. This study examined the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, and gastroprotective effects of ethanolic ELJ extract in animal models and found that ELJ effectively reduced EPP-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner and that a high dose of ELJ inhibited carrageenan-induced hind paw edema formation. In cotton-pellet-induced granuloma formation, a high dose of ELJ suppressed the increases in wet granuloma weight but not dry or transudative weight. In the formalin-induced nociception study, ELJ had a significant dose-dependent inhibitory impact. Additionally, the study found that yeast-induced hyperthermia could be significantly reduced by antipyretic action at the highest dose of ELJ. In all the gastric ulcer models induced by chemical substances or physical activity, ELJ extracts at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg also effectively prevented gastric ulcer formation. In the pyloric ligation model, however, the effects of ELJ extract on gastric volume, gastric pH, and total acidity were statistically insignificant. These findings support the current widespread use of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack in traditional medicine, suggest the plant’s medicinal potential for development of phytomedicines with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic properties, and support its use in the treatment of gastric ulcers due to its gastroprotective properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:54:34Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:54:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-35010832d5854af49b56cbb84380bb902023-11-18T20:08:50ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-06-01137146510.3390/life13071465Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Ethanolic ExtractSubhawat Subhawa0Warangkana Arpornchayanon1Kanjana Jaijoy2Sunee Chansakaow3Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon4Seewaboon Sireeratawong5Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandMcCormick Faculty of Nursing, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandClinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandTongkat ali (<i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack) (ELJ) is a plant in the Simaroubaceae family. Its roots are used in traditional Thai medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and fever; however, the antiulcer abilities of its ethanolic extract have not been studied. This study examined the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, and gastroprotective effects of ethanolic ELJ extract in animal models and found that ELJ effectively reduced EPP-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner and that a high dose of ELJ inhibited carrageenan-induced hind paw edema formation. In cotton-pellet-induced granuloma formation, a high dose of ELJ suppressed the increases in wet granuloma weight but not dry or transudative weight. In the formalin-induced nociception study, ELJ had a significant dose-dependent inhibitory impact. Additionally, the study found that yeast-induced hyperthermia could be significantly reduced by antipyretic action at the highest dose of ELJ. In all the gastric ulcer models induced by chemical substances or physical activity, ELJ extracts at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg also effectively prevented gastric ulcer formation. In the pyloric ligation model, however, the effects of ELJ extract on gastric volume, gastric pH, and total acidity were statistically insignificant. These findings support the current widespread use of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack in traditional medicine, suggest the plant’s medicinal potential for development of phytomedicines with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic properties, and support its use in the treatment of gastric ulcers due to its gastroprotective properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/7/1465<i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jackextractanti-inflammatoryantinociceptive effectantipyretic effectsgastroprotective activity |
| spellingShingle | Subhawat Subhawa Warangkana Arpornchayanon Kanjana Jaijoy Sunee Chansakaow Noppamas Soonthornchareonnon Seewaboon Sireeratawong Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Ethanolic Extract Life <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack extract anti-inflammatory antinociceptive effect antipyretic effects gastroprotective activity |
| title | Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Ethanolic Extract |
| title_full | Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Ethanolic Extract |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Ethanolic Extract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Ethanolic Extract |
| title_short | Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Antipyretic, and Gastroprotective Effects of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Ethanolic Extract |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory antinociceptive antipyretic and gastroprotective effects of i eurycoma longifolia i jack ethanolic extract |
| topic | <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack extract anti-inflammatory antinociceptive effect antipyretic effects gastroprotective activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/7/1465 |
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