Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System
Phenotypic variation and correlations among root traits form the basis for selecting and breeding soybean varieties with efficient access to water and nutrients and better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and consistent system to study root traits in soy...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| author | Shuo Liu Naheeda Begum Tingting An Tuanjie Zhao Bingcheng Xu Suiqi Zhang Xiping Deng Hon-Ming Lam Henry T. Nguyen Kadambot H. M. Siddique Yinglong Chen |
| author_facet | Shuo Liu Naheeda Begum Tingting An Tuanjie Zhao Bingcheng Xu Suiqi Zhang Xiping Deng Hon-Ming Lam Henry T. Nguyen Kadambot H. M. Siddique Yinglong Chen |
| author_sort | Shuo Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenotypic variation and correlations among root traits form the basis for selecting and breeding soybean varieties with efficient access to water and nutrients and better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and consistent system to study root traits in soybean. In this study, we adopted the semi-hydroponic system to investigate the variability in root morphological traits of 171 soybean genotypes popularized in the Yangtze and Huaihe River regions, eastern China. Highly diverse phenotypes were observed: shoot height (18.7–86.7 cm per plant with a median of 52.3 cm); total root length (208–1663 cm per plant with a median of 885 cm); and root mass (dry weight) (19.4–251 mg per plant with a median of 124 mg). Both total root length and root mass exhibited significant positive correlation with shoot mass (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), indicating their relationship with plant growth and adaptation strategies. The nine selected traits contributed to one of the two principal components (eigenvalues > 1), accounting for 78.9% of the total genotypic variation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis separated the 171 genotypes into five major groups based on these root traits. Three selected genotypes with contrasting root systems were validated in soil-filled rhizoboxes (1.5 m deep) until maturity. Consistent ranking of the genotypes in some important root traits at various growth stages between the two experiments indicates the reliability of the semi-hydroponic system in phenotyping root trait variability at the early growth stage in soybean germplasms. |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3506dda15a304376bf4521be1467995b2023-11-23T10:13:08ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-12-011012278110.3390/plants10122781Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic SystemShuo Liu0Naheeda Begum1Tingting An2Tuanjie Zhao3Bingcheng Xu4Suiqi Zhang5Xiping Deng6Hon-Ming Lam7Henry T. Nguyen8Kadambot H. M. Siddique9Yinglong Chen10College of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xi’an 712100, ChinaNational Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xi’an 712100, ChinaNational Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xi’an 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xi’an 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xi’an 712100, ChinaCenter for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, ChinaDivision of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USAThe UWA Institute of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, AustraliaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, and State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Xi’an 712100, ChinaPhenotypic variation and correlations among root traits form the basis for selecting and breeding soybean varieties with efficient access to water and nutrients and better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and consistent system to study root traits in soybean. In this study, we adopted the semi-hydroponic system to investigate the variability in root morphological traits of 171 soybean genotypes popularized in the Yangtze and Huaihe River regions, eastern China. Highly diverse phenotypes were observed: shoot height (18.7–86.7 cm per plant with a median of 52.3 cm); total root length (208–1663 cm per plant with a median of 885 cm); and root mass (dry weight) (19.4–251 mg per plant with a median of 124 mg). Both total root length and root mass exhibited significant positive correlation with shoot mass (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), indicating their relationship with plant growth and adaptation strategies. The nine selected traits contributed to one of the two principal components (eigenvalues > 1), accounting for 78.9% of the total genotypic variation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis separated the 171 genotypes into five major groups based on these root traits. Three selected genotypes with contrasting root systems were validated in soil-filled rhizoboxes (1.5 m deep) until maturity. Consistent ranking of the genotypes in some important root traits at various growth stages between the two experiments indicates the reliability of the semi-hydroponic system in phenotyping root trait variability at the early growth stage in soybean germplasms.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2781soybeanroot phenomicsroot system architectureroot distribution |
| spellingShingle | Shuo Liu Naheeda Begum Tingting An Tuanjie Zhao Bingcheng Xu Suiqi Zhang Xiping Deng Hon-Ming Lam Henry T. Nguyen Kadambot H. M. Siddique Yinglong Chen Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System Plants soybean root phenomics root system architecture root distribution |
| title | Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System |
| title_full | Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System |
| title_short | Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System |
| title_sort | characterization of root system architecture traits in diverse soybean genotypes using a semi hydroponic system |
| topic | soybean root phenomics root system architecture root distribution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2781 |
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