Mechanistic insights into the generation and control of Cl-DBPs during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection process
Chlorination disinfection has been widely used to kill the pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater sludge during the special Covid-19 period, but sludge chlorination might cause the generation of harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this work, the transformation of extracellular polymeric subs...
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Elsevier
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412022003166 |
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| author | Weijun Zhang Tianyi Dong Jing Ai Qinglong Fu Nan Zhang Hang He Qilin Wang Dongsheng Wang |
| author_facet | Weijun Zhang Tianyi Dong Jing Ai Qinglong Fu Nan Zhang Hang He Qilin Wang Dongsheng Wang |
| author_sort | Weijun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chlorination disinfection has been widely used to kill the pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater sludge during the special Covid-19 period, but sludge chlorination might cause the generation of harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this work, the transformation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and mechanisms of Cl-DBPs generation during sludge disinfection by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) were investigated using multispectral analysis in combination with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The microorganism Escherichia coli (E. coli) was effectively inactivated by active chlorine generated from NaClO. However, a high diversity of Cl-DBPs were produced with the addition of NaClO into sludge, causing the increase of acute toxicity on Q67 luminous bacteria of chlorinated EPS. A variety of N-containing molecular formulas were produced after chlorination, but N-containing DBPs were not detected, which might be the indicative of the dissociation of –NH2 groups after Cl-DBPs generated. Additionally, the release of N-containing compounds was increased in alkaline environment caused by NaClO addition, resulted in more Cl-DBPs generation via nucleophilic substitutions. Whereas, less N-compounds and Cl-DBPs were detected after EPS chlorination under acidic environment, leading to lower cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, N-containing compounds of lignin derivatives in sludge were the major Cl-DBPs precursors, and acidic environment could control the release of N-compounds by eliminating the dissociation of functional groups in lignin derivatives, consequently reducing the generation and cytotoxicity of Cl-DBPs. This study highlights the importance to control the alkalinity of sludge to reduce Cl-DBPs generation prior to chlorination disinfection process, and ensure the safety of subsequential disposal for wastewater sludge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:41:18Z |
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| id | doaj.art-35152fc9f223418c9410716bf3fe9e48 |
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| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:41:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj.art-35152fc9f223418c9410716bf3fe9e482022-12-22T03:58:58ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202022-09-01167107389Mechanistic insights into the generation and control of Cl-DBPs during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection processWeijun Zhang0Tianyi Dong1Jing Ai2Qinglong Fu3Nan Zhang4Hang He5Qilin Wang6Dongsheng Wang7Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Corresponding author at: Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, ChinaCentre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, AustraliaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, ChinaChlorination disinfection has been widely used to kill the pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater sludge during the special Covid-19 period, but sludge chlorination might cause the generation of harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In this work, the transformation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and mechanisms of Cl-DBPs generation during sludge disinfection by sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) were investigated using multispectral analysis in combination with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The microorganism Escherichia coli (E. coli) was effectively inactivated by active chlorine generated from NaClO. However, a high diversity of Cl-DBPs were produced with the addition of NaClO into sludge, causing the increase of acute toxicity on Q67 luminous bacteria of chlorinated EPS. A variety of N-containing molecular formulas were produced after chlorination, but N-containing DBPs were not detected, which might be the indicative of the dissociation of –NH2 groups after Cl-DBPs generated. Additionally, the release of N-containing compounds was increased in alkaline environment caused by NaClO addition, resulted in more Cl-DBPs generation via nucleophilic substitutions. Whereas, less N-compounds and Cl-DBPs were detected after EPS chlorination under acidic environment, leading to lower cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, N-containing compounds of lignin derivatives in sludge were the major Cl-DBPs precursors, and acidic environment could control the release of N-compounds by eliminating the dissociation of functional groups in lignin derivatives, consequently reducing the generation and cytotoxicity of Cl-DBPs. This study highlights the importance to control the alkalinity of sludge to reduce Cl-DBPs generation prior to chlorination disinfection process, and ensure the safety of subsequential disposal for wastewater sludge.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412022003166Wastewater sludgeSludge chlorination disinfectionSludge DBPsSludge toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Weijun Zhang Tianyi Dong Jing Ai Qinglong Fu Nan Zhang Hang He Qilin Wang Dongsheng Wang Mechanistic insights into the generation and control of Cl-DBPs during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection process Environment International Wastewater sludge Sludge chlorination disinfection Sludge DBPs Sludge toxicity |
| title | Mechanistic insights into the generation and control of Cl-DBPs during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection process |
| title_full | Mechanistic insights into the generation and control of Cl-DBPs during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection process |
| title_fullStr | Mechanistic insights into the generation and control of Cl-DBPs during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanistic insights into the generation and control of Cl-DBPs during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection process |
| title_short | Mechanistic insights into the generation and control of Cl-DBPs during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection process |
| title_sort | mechanistic insights into the generation and control of cl dbps during wastewater sludge chlorination disinfection process |
| topic | Wastewater sludge Sludge chlorination disinfection Sludge DBPs Sludge toxicity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412022003166 |
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