Automating the analysis of hailstone layers

<p>The layered structures inside hailstones provide a direct indication of their shape and properties at various stages during growth. Given the myriad of different trajectories that can exist, and the sensitivity of rime deposit type to environmental conditions, it must be expected that many...

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Main Authors: J. S. Soderholm, M. R. Kumjian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2023-02-01
Series:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Online Access:https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/16/695/2023/amt-16-695-2023.pdf
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author J. S. Soderholm
M. R. Kumjian
author_facet J. S. Soderholm
M. R. Kumjian
author_sort J. S. Soderholm
collection DOAJ
description <p>The layered structures inside hailstones provide a direct indication of their shape and properties at various stages during growth. Given the myriad of different trajectories that can exist, and the sensitivity of rime deposit type to environmental conditions, it must be expected that many different perturbations of hailstone properties occur within a single hailstorm; however, some commonalities are likely in the shared early stages of growth, for hailstones of similar size (especially those that grow along similar trajectories) and final growth near the melting level. It remains challenging to extract this information from a large sample of hailstones because of the time required to prepare cross sections and accurately measure individual layers. To reduce the labour and potential errors introduced by manual analysis of hailstones, an automated method for measuring layers from cross section photographs is introduced and applied to a set of hailstones collected in Melbourne, Australia. This work is motivated by new hail growth simulation tools that model the growth of layers within individual hailstones, for which accurate measurements of observed hailstone cross sections can be applied as validation. A first look at this new type of evaluation for hail growth simulations is demonstrated.</p>
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spelling doaj.art-351acc72be644bfab6eb46d2a6c5f38f2023-02-07T12:41:06ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482023-02-011669570610.5194/amt-16-695-2023Automating the analysis of hailstone layersJ. S. Soderholm0M. R. Kumjian1Science and Innovation Group, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA<p>The layered structures inside hailstones provide a direct indication of their shape and properties at various stages during growth. Given the myriad of different trajectories that can exist, and the sensitivity of rime deposit type to environmental conditions, it must be expected that many different perturbations of hailstone properties occur within a single hailstorm; however, some commonalities are likely in the shared early stages of growth, for hailstones of similar size (especially those that grow along similar trajectories) and final growth near the melting level. It remains challenging to extract this information from a large sample of hailstones because of the time required to prepare cross sections and accurately measure individual layers. To reduce the labour and potential errors introduced by manual analysis of hailstones, an automated method for measuring layers from cross section photographs is introduced and applied to a set of hailstones collected in Melbourne, Australia. This work is motivated by new hail growth simulation tools that model the growth of layers within individual hailstones, for which accurate measurements of observed hailstone cross sections can be applied as validation. A first look at this new type of evaluation for hail growth simulations is demonstrated.</p>https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/16/695/2023/amt-16-695-2023.pdf
spellingShingle J. S. Soderholm
M. R. Kumjian
Automating the analysis of hailstone layers
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
title Automating the analysis of hailstone layers
title_full Automating the analysis of hailstone layers
title_fullStr Automating the analysis of hailstone layers
title_full_unstemmed Automating the analysis of hailstone layers
title_short Automating the analysis of hailstone layers
title_sort automating the analysis of hailstone layers
url https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/16/695/2023/amt-16-695-2023.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT jssoderholm automatingtheanalysisofhailstonelayers
AT mrkumjian automatingtheanalysisofhailstonelayers