Effects of Medium and Temperature on Cellular Responses in the Superficial Zone of Hypo-Osmotically Challenged Articular Cartilage
Osmotic loading of articular cartilage has been used to study cell-tissue interactions and mechanisms in chondrocyte volume regulation <em>in situ</em>. Since cell volume changes are likely to affect cell’s mechanotransduction, it is important to understand how environmen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2012-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/3/3/544 |
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| author | Mikko Lammi Rami K. Korhonen Siru Turunen Viktoria Sokolinski Virpi Tiitu Mari Huttu |
| author_facet | Mikko Lammi Rami K. Korhonen Siru Turunen Viktoria Sokolinski Virpi Tiitu Mari Huttu |
| author_sort | Mikko Lammi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Osmotic loading of articular cartilage has been used to study cell-tissue interactions and mechanisms in chondrocyte volume regulation <em>in situ</em>. Since cell volume changes are likely to affect cell’s mechanotransduction, it is important to understand how environmental factors, such as composition of the immersion medium and temperature affect cell volume changes <em>in situ</em> in osmotically challenged articular cartilage. In this study, chondrocytes were imaged <em>in situ</em> with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) through cartilage surface before and 3 min and 120 min after a hypo-osmotic challenge. Samples were measured either in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, without glucose and Ca<sup>2+</sup>) or in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, with glucose and Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and at 21 °C or at 37 °C. In all groups, cell volumes increased shortly after the hypotonic challenge and then recovered back to the original volumes. At both observation time points, cell volume changes as a result of the osmotic challenge were similar in PBS and DMEM in both temperatures. Our results indicate that the initial chondrocyte swelling and volume recovery as a result of the hypo-osmotic challenge of cartilage are not dependent on commonly used immersion media or temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:44:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3527bd992bd749d581e89d0bcddd5ba8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:44:51Z |
| publishDate | 2012-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-3527bd992bd749d581e89d0bcddd5ba82022-12-22T02:19:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832012-08-013354455510.3390/jfb3030544Effects of Medium and Temperature on Cellular Responses in the Superficial Zone of Hypo-Osmotically Challenged Articular CartilageMikko LammiRami K. KorhonenSiru TurunenViktoria SokolinskiVirpi TiituMari HuttuOsmotic loading of articular cartilage has been used to study cell-tissue interactions and mechanisms in chondrocyte volume regulation <em>in situ</em>. Since cell volume changes are likely to affect cell’s mechanotransduction, it is important to understand how environmental factors, such as composition of the immersion medium and temperature affect cell volume changes <em>in situ</em> in osmotically challenged articular cartilage. In this study, chondrocytes were imaged <em>in situ</em> with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) through cartilage surface before and 3 min and 120 min after a hypo-osmotic challenge. Samples were measured either in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, without glucose and Ca<sup>2+</sup>) or in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, with glucose and Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and at 21 °C or at 37 °C. In all groups, cell volumes increased shortly after the hypotonic challenge and then recovered back to the original volumes. At both observation time points, cell volume changes as a result of the osmotic challenge were similar in PBS and DMEM in both temperatures. Our results indicate that the initial chondrocyte swelling and volume recovery as a result of the hypo-osmotic challenge of cartilage are not dependent on commonly used immersion media or temperature.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/3/3/544chondrocytesmediumtemperatureconfocal microscopy<strong> </strong>osmolarity |
| spellingShingle | Mikko Lammi Rami K. Korhonen Siru Turunen Viktoria Sokolinski Virpi Tiitu Mari Huttu Effects of Medium and Temperature on Cellular Responses in the Superficial Zone of Hypo-Osmotically Challenged Articular Cartilage Journal of Functional Biomaterials chondrocytes medium temperature confocal microscopy <strong> </strong>osmolarity |
| title | Effects of Medium and Temperature on Cellular Responses in the Superficial Zone of Hypo-Osmotically Challenged Articular Cartilage |
| title_full | Effects of Medium and Temperature on Cellular Responses in the Superficial Zone of Hypo-Osmotically Challenged Articular Cartilage |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Medium and Temperature on Cellular Responses in the Superficial Zone of Hypo-Osmotically Challenged Articular Cartilage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Medium and Temperature on Cellular Responses in the Superficial Zone of Hypo-Osmotically Challenged Articular Cartilage |
| title_short | Effects of Medium and Temperature on Cellular Responses in the Superficial Zone of Hypo-Osmotically Challenged Articular Cartilage |
| title_sort | effects of medium and temperature on cellular responses in the superficial zone of hypo osmotically challenged articular cartilage |
| topic | chondrocytes medium temperature confocal microscopy <strong> </strong>osmolarity |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/3/3/544 |
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