Summary: | Background. Malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system occupy the largest
share in the structure of cancer incidence in women. Cervical cancer (CC) ranks 5th place
among all oncopathology. The purpose of the research was to study the epidemiological
and clinical and morphological features of cervical cancer and precancerous changes in this
localization in the Republic of Mordovia for 2018-2020 and to compare these indicators
with statistical and literature data. Materials and methods. Analysis case histories, results of
histological operational and biopsy studies of women who first applied to the Republican
Oncological Dispensary with a diagnosis of cervical cancer in 2018-2020. Results. During
the study period with a clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer, 392 women were examined, of
whom the diagnosis was confirmed in 167 patients, in 70 cases CIN of varying degrees was
detected, and in the remaining cases reactive and non-tumor changes were found. The average
age of patients with cervical cancer was 49.9 years, which is somewhat younger than
the average age of patients in Russia (52.6 years). It is noted that the highest rates of dysplasia
detection are observed in the age group 40–49 years old (34.9%). During the study
period in the department of cervical cancer and its complications, no lethal outcomes were
recorded. This is due to the achievement of high survival rates due to the diagnosis of this
neoplasm in the early stages and effective treatment of precancerous neoplasms. Conclusions.
During the study period in the Republic of Mordovia, there is a positive trend in the
identification of patients with cervical cancer at early stage (Tis and T1), which is accompanied
by more effective treatment, increased survival and reduced mortality. The most
commonly diagnosed histological type of tumor is non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma.
|