Characterization of High-Strength Packaging Steels: Obtaining Material Data for Precise Finite Element Process Modelling
The steadily increasing demand for downgauging to reduce costs in packaging steel applications requires the development of high-strength packaging steel grades to meet strength requirements. At the same time, the demand for a simulative, computer-aided layout of industrial forming processes is growi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1683 |
| _version_ | 1797544461644857344 |
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| author | Fabian Knieps Benjamin Liebscher Ioana Moldovan Manuel Köhl Johannes Lohmar |
| author_facet | Fabian Knieps Benjamin Liebscher Ioana Moldovan Manuel Köhl Johannes Lohmar |
| author_sort | Fabian Knieps |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The steadily increasing demand for downgauging to reduce costs in packaging steel applications requires the development of high-strength packaging steel grades to meet strength requirements. At the same time, the demand for a simulative, computer-aided layout of industrial forming processes is growing to reduce costs in tool constructions for downgauging manners. As part of this work, different high-strength packaging steels were characterized for use in a finite element based process layout and validated using application-oriented experiments. Due to a low hardening rate and the occurrence of Lüders bands, high-strength packaging steels show a low amount of elongation in tensile tests, while for other stress states higher degrees of deformation are possible. Thus, common extrapolation methods fail to reproduce the flow curve of high-strength packaging steels. Therefore, a new approach to extrapolate the flow curve of high-strength packaging steels is presented using the tensile test and bulge test data together with a combined Swift–Voce hardening law. Furthermore, it is shown that the use of complex anisotropic yield locus models such as Yld2000-2d is necessary for high-strength packaging steels in order to be able to precisely simulate application-oriented loads in between plane strain and biaxial tension in validation experiments. Finally, the benefit of a material selection process for packaging steel applications guided by finite element simulations based on precisely characterized material behaviour is demonstrated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35387b3b21b64953a75dbad7ef025f67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-35387b3b21b64953a75dbad7ef025f672023-11-21T01:05:23ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-12-011012168310.3390/met10121683Characterization of High-Strength Packaging Steels: Obtaining Material Data for Precise Finite Element Process ModellingFabian Knieps0Benjamin Liebscher1Ioana Moldovan2Manuel Köhl3Johannes Lohmar4Thyssenkrupp Rasselstein GmbH, 52262 Andernach, GermanyThyssenkrupp Rasselstein GmbH, 52262 Andernach, GermanyThyssenkrupp Rasselstein GmbH, 52262 Andernach, GermanyThyssenkrupp Rasselstein GmbH, 52262 Andernach, GermanyInstitute of Metal Forming, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, GermanyThe steadily increasing demand for downgauging to reduce costs in packaging steel applications requires the development of high-strength packaging steel grades to meet strength requirements. At the same time, the demand for a simulative, computer-aided layout of industrial forming processes is growing to reduce costs in tool constructions for downgauging manners. As part of this work, different high-strength packaging steels were characterized for use in a finite element based process layout and validated using application-oriented experiments. Due to a low hardening rate and the occurrence of Lüders bands, high-strength packaging steels show a low amount of elongation in tensile tests, while for other stress states higher degrees of deformation are possible. Thus, common extrapolation methods fail to reproduce the flow curve of high-strength packaging steels. Therefore, a new approach to extrapolate the flow curve of high-strength packaging steels is presented using the tensile test and bulge test data together with a combined Swift–Voce hardening law. Furthermore, it is shown that the use of complex anisotropic yield locus models such as Yld2000-2d is necessary for high-strength packaging steels in order to be able to precisely simulate application-oriented loads in between plane strain and biaxial tension in validation experiments. Finally, the benefit of a material selection process for packaging steel applications guided by finite element simulations based on precisely characterized material behaviour is demonstrated.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1683packaging steelfinite element simulationflow curve extrapolation |
| spellingShingle | Fabian Knieps Benjamin Liebscher Ioana Moldovan Manuel Köhl Johannes Lohmar Characterization of High-Strength Packaging Steels: Obtaining Material Data for Precise Finite Element Process Modelling Metals packaging steel finite element simulation flow curve extrapolation |
| title | Characterization of High-Strength Packaging Steels: Obtaining Material Data for Precise Finite Element Process Modelling |
| title_full | Characterization of High-Strength Packaging Steels: Obtaining Material Data for Precise Finite Element Process Modelling |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of High-Strength Packaging Steels: Obtaining Material Data for Precise Finite Element Process Modelling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of High-Strength Packaging Steels: Obtaining Material Data for Precise Finite Element Process Modelling |
| title_short | Characterization of High-Strength Packaging Steels: Obtaining Material Data for Precise Finite Element Process Modelling |
| title_sort | characterization of high strength packaging steels obtaining material data for precise finite element process modelling |
| topic | packaging steel finite element simulation flow curve extrapolation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/12/1683 |
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