Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09)
Atmospheric concentrations of very short-lived species (VSLS) bromocarbons, including CHBr<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>, CHCl<sub>2</sub>Br, CHClBr<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>2</sub>BrCl, were measured in the Strait of...
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| Format: | Article |
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Copernicus Publications
2014-08-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/8137/2014/acp-14-8137-2014.pdf |
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| author | M. S. Mohd Nadzir S. M. Phang M. R. Abas N. Abdul Rahman A. Abu Samah W. T. Sturges D. E. Oram G. P. Mills E. C. Leedham J. A. Pyle N. R. P. Harris A. D. Robinson M. J. Ashfold M. I. Mead M. T. Latif M. F. Khan A. M. Amiruddin N. Banan M. M. Hanafiah |
| author_facet | M. S. Mohd Nadzir S. M. Phang M. R. Abas N. Abdul Rahman A. Abu Samah W. T. Sturges D. E. Oram G. P. Mills E. C. Leedham J. A. Pyle N. R. P. Harris A. D. Robinson M. J. Ashfold M. I. Mead M. T. Latif M. F. Khan A. M. Amiruddin N. Banan M. M. Hanafiah |
| author_sort | M. S. Mohd Nadzir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atmospheric concentrations of very short-lived species (VSLS) bromocarbons,
including CHBr<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>, CHCl<sub>2</sub>Br, CHClBr<sub>2</sub>, and
CH<sub>2</sub>BrCl, were measured in the Strait of Malacca and the South China and
Sulu–Sulawesi seas during a two-month research cruise in June–July 2009.
The highest bromocarbon concentrations were found in the Strait of Malacca,
with smaller enhancements in coastal regions of northern Borneo. CHBr<sub>3</sub>
was the most abundant bromocarbon, ranging from 5.2 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> in
the Strait of Malacca to 0.94 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> over the open ocean.
Other bromocarbons showed lower concentrations, in the range of
0.8–1.3 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>,
0.1–0.5 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CHCl<sub>2</sub>Br, and
0.1–0.4 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CHClBr<sub>2</sub>. There was no significant
correlation between bromocarbons and in situ chlorophyll <i>a</i>, but positive
correlations with both MODIS and SeaWiFS satellite chlorophyll <i>a</i>. Together,
the short-lived bromocarbons contribute an average of
8.9 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> (range 5.2–21.4 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup>) to
tropospheric bromine loading, which is similar to that found in previous
studies from global sampling networks (Montzka et al., 2011). Statistical
tests showed strong Spearman correlations between brominated compounds,
suggesting a common source. Log–log plots of CHBr<sub>3</sub>/CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>
versus CHBr<sub>2</sub>Cl/CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> show that both chemical reactions and
dilution into the background atmosphere contribute to the composition of
these halocarbons at each sampling point. We have used the correlation to
make a crude estimate of the regional emissions of CHBr<sub>3</sub> and to derive a
value of 32 Gg yr<sup>−1</sup> for the Southeast (SE) Asian region
(10° N–20° S, 90–150° E). Finally, we note that
satellite-derived chlorophyll <i>a</i> (chl <i>a</i>) products do not always agree well
with in situ measurements, particularly in coastal regions of high turbidity,
meaning that satellite chl <i>a</i> may not always be a good proxy for marine
productivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:13:35Z |
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| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:13:35Z |
| publishDate | 2014-08-01 |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-353efb3a84aa4226ae09bd6017d65fde2022-12-22T03:42:33ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242014-08-0114158137814810.5194/acp-14-8137-2014Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09)M. S. Mohd Nadzir0S. M. Phang1M. R. Abas2N. Abdul Rahman3A. Abu Samah4W. T. Sturges5D. E. Oram6G. P. Mills7E. C. Leedham8J. A. Pyle9N. R. P. Harris10A. D. Robinson11M. J. Ashfold12M. I. Mead13M. T. Latif14M. F. Khan15A. M. Amiruddin16N. Banan17M. M. Hanafiah18Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaInstitute of Ocean & Earth Sciences, C308 IPS Building, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaEnvironmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaEnvironmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaNational Antarctic Research Centre, IPS Building, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UKCentre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UKCentre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UKCentre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaSchool of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan, MalaysiaAtmospheric concentrations of very short-lived species (VSLS) bromocarbons, including CHBr<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>, CHCl<sub>2</sub>Br, CHClBr<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>2</sub>BrCl, were measured in the Strait of Malacca and the South China and Sulu–Sulawesi seas during a two-month research cruise in June–July 2009. The highest bromocarbon concentrations were found in the Strait of Malacca, with smaller enhancements in coastal regions of northern Borneo. CHBr<sub>3</sub> was the most abundant bromocarbon, ranging from 5.2 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> in the Strait of Malacca to 0.94 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> over the open ocean. Other bromocarbons showed lower concentrations, in the range of 0.8–1.3 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>, 0.1–0.5 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CHCl<sub>2</sub>Br, and 0.1–0.4 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> for CHClBr<sub>2</sub>. There was no significant correlation between bromocarbons and in situ chlorophyll <i>a</i>, but positive correlations with both MODIS and SeaWiFS satellite chlorophyll <i>a</i>. Together, the short-lived bromocarbons contribute an average of 8.9 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup> (range 5.2–21.4 pmol mol<sup>−1</sup>) to tropospheric bromine loading, which is similar to that found in previous studies from global sampling networks (Montzka et al., 2011). Statistical tests showed strong Spearman correlations between brominated compounds, suggesting a common source. Log–log plots of CHBr<sub>3</sub>/CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> versus CHBr<sub>2</sub>Cl/CH<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>2</sub> show that both chemical reactions and dilution into the background atmosphere contribute to the composition of these halocarbons at each sampling point. We have used the correlation to make a crude estimate of the regional emissions of CHBr<sub>3</sub> and to derive a value of 32 Gg yr<sup>−1</sup> for the Southeast (SE) Asian region (10° N–20° S, 90–150° E). Finally, we note that satellite-derived chlorophyll <i>a</i> (chl <i>a</i>) products do not always agree well with in situ measurements, particularly in coastal regions of high turbidity, meaning that satellite chl <i>a</i> may not always be a good proxy for marine productivity.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/8137/2014/acp-14-8137-2014.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. S. Mohd Nadzir S. M. Phang M. R. Abas N. Abdul Rahman A. Abu Samah W. T. Sturges D. E. Oram G. P. Mills E. C. Leedham J. A. Pyle N. R. P. Harris A. D. Robinson M. J. Ashfold M. I. Mead M. T. Latif M. F. Khan A. M. Amiruddin N. Banan M. M. Hanafiah Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09) |
| title_full | Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09) |
| title_fullStr | Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09) |
| title_short | Bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 Prime Expedition Scientific Cruise (PESC-09) |
| title_sort | bromocarbons in the tropical coastal and open ocean atmosphere during the 2009 prime expedition scientific cruise pesc 09 |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/8137/2014/acp-14-8137-2014.pdf |
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