Experimental and Numerical Predictions of Cryogenic Leakages in Welded Steel Plates
This study presented experimental and numerical research to investigate the effect of cryogenic leakage on a plate structure of AH36-grade steel containing welded joints. To simulate the cryogenic leakage conditions, the welded plate was exposed to a temperature of −196 °C by supplying liquid nitrog...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/5/3132 |
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| author | Dong Hyuk Kang Le Trong Dai Ki-Beom Park Young-Hwan Choi Jeong-Hyeon Kim Seul-Kee Kim Jae-Myung Lee |
| author_facet | Dong Hyuk Kang Le Trong Dai Ki-Beom Park Young-Hwan Choi Jeong-Hyeon Kim Seul-Kee Kim Jae-Myung Lee |
| author_sort | Dong Hyuk Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study presented experimental and numerical research to investigate the effect of cryogenic leakage on a plate structure of AH36-grade steel containing welded joints. To simulate the cryogenic leakage conditions, the welded plate was exposed to a temperature of −196 °C by supplying liquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) to the center of the steel plate. The time-dependent temperature history and strain variation were measured by using thermocouples and strain gauges attached to the plate surface. Additionally, the residual stress of the middle surface section before and after the cryogenic leakage process was measured by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). A three-dimensional finite element model was created with the use of a commercial finite element analysis (FEA) program to simulate the flux-cored arc welding process and cryogenic leakage process. The steel surface temperature dropped sharply and reached approximately −196 °C at 160 s after LN<sub>2</sub> supplement. After the first 650 s of the LN<sub>2</sub> leakage experiment, the outside of the trough reached approximately −75 °C and −25 °C, depending on the location of the thermal couples. Although there was a relative difference in the results, the experiment and numerical simulation results for temperature and stress distribution showed good agreement. The results could be utilized in the ship design stage adopting welded structures as a basic database. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:30:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-354cee6e4205460abe5b382c1f37d3db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:30:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-354cee6e4205460abe5b382c1f37d3db2023-11-17T07:19:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-02-01135313210.3390/app13053132Experimental and Numerical Predictions of Cryogenic Leakages in Welded Steel PlatesDong Hyuk Kang0Le Trong Dai1Ki-Beom Park2Young-Hwan Choi3Jeong-Hyeon Kim4Seul-Kee Kim5Jae-Myung Lee6Busan Headquarters, Korea Maritime Equipment Research Institute, Busan 46744, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaHydrogen Ship Technology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaHydrogen Ship Technology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaThis study presented experimental and numerical research to investigate the effect of cryogenic leakage on a plate structure of AH36-grade steel containing welded joints. To simulate the cryogenic leakage conditions, the welded plate was exposed to a temperature of −196 °C by supplying liquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) to the center of the steel plate. The time-dependent temperature history and strain variation were measured by using thermocouples and strain gauges attached to the plate surface. Additionally, the residual stress of the middle surface section before and after the cryogenic leakage process was measured by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). A three-dimensional finite element model was created with the use of a commercial finite element analysis (FEA) program to simulate the flux-cored arc welding process and cryogenic leakage process. The steel surface temperature dropped sharply and reached approximately −196 °C at 160 s after LN<sub>2</sub> supplement. After the first 650 s of the LN<sub>2</sub> leakage experiment, the outside of the trough reached approximately −75 °C and −25 °C, depending on the location of the thermal couples. Although there was a relative difference in the results, the experiment and numerical simulation results for temperature and stress distribution showed good agreement. The results could be utilized in the ship design stage adopting welded structures as a basic database.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/5/3132cryogenic leakages effectcryogenic spillsresidual stress |
| spellingShingle | Dong Hyuk Kang Le Trong Dai Ki-Beom Park Young-Hwan Choi Jeong-Hyeon Kim Seul-Kee Kim Jae-Myung Lee Experimental and Numerical Predictions of Cryogenic Leakages in Welded Steel Plates Applied Sciences cryogenic leakages effect cryogenic spills residual stress |
| title | Experimental and Numerical Predictions of Cryogenic Leakages in Welded Steel Plates |
| title_full | Experimental and Numerical Predictions of Cryogenic Leakages in Welded Steel Plates |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and Numerical Predictions of Cryogenic Leakages in Welded Steel Plates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and Numerical Predictions of Cryogenic Leakages in Welded Steel Plates |
| title_short | Experimental and Numerical Predictions of Cryogenic Leakages in Welded Steel Plates |
| title_sort | experimental and numerical predictions of cryogenic leakages in welded steel plates |
| topic | cryogenic leakages effect cryogenic spills residual stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/5/3132 |
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