Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Landrace and Released Ethiopian Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Cultivars
Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) is an important food security crop due to its high-stress tolerance. This study explored the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on the growth, yield, and water-use efficiency of Ethiopian barley cultivars (15...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2691 |
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| author | Mekides Woldegiorgis Gardi Waqas Ahmed Malik Bettina I. G. Haussmann |
| author_facet | Mekides Woldegiorgis Gardi Waqas Ahmed Malik Bettina I. G. Haussmann |
| author_sort | Mekides Woldegiorgis Gardi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) is an important food security crop due to its high-stress tolerance. This study explored the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on the growth, yield, and water-use efficiency of Ethiopian barley cultivars (15 landraces, 15 released). Cultivars were grown under two levels of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (400 and 550 ppm) in climate chambers, and each level was replicated three times. A significant positive effect of eCO<sub>2</sub> enrichment was observed on plant height by 9.5 and 6.7%, vegetative biomass by 7.6 and 9.4%, and grain yield by 34.1 and 40.6% in landraces and released cultivars, respectively. The observed increment of grain yield mainly resulted from the significant positive effect of eCO<sub>2</sub> on grain number per plant. The water-use efficiency of vegetative biomass and grain yield significantly increased by 7.9 and 33.3% in landraces, with 9.5 and 42.9% improvement in released cultivars, respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between grain yield and grain number (<i>r</i> = 0.95), harvest index (<i>r</i> = 0.86), and ear biomass (<i>r</i> = 0.85). The response of barley to eCO<sub>2</sub> was cultivar dependent, i.e., the highest grain yield response to eCO<sub>2</sub> was observed for <i>Lan_15</i> (122.3%) and <i>Rel_10</i> (140.2%). However, <i>Lan_13</i>, <i>Land_14</i>, and <i>Rel_3</i> showed reduced grain yield by 16, 25, and 42%, respectively, in response to eCO<sub>2</sub> enrichment. While the released cultivars benefited more from higher levels of CO<sub>2</sub> in relative terms, some landraces displayed better actual values. Under future climate conditions, i.e., future CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, grain yield production could benefit from the promotion of landrace and released cultivars with higher grain numbers and higher levels of water-use efficiency of the grain. The superior cultivars that were identified in the present study represent valuable genetic resources for future barley breeding. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:16:20Z |
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| id | doaj.art-3556cfc09e8546a99f6cbb564a4ac364 |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3556cfc09e8546a99f6cbb564a4ac3642023-11-23T10:11:47ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-12-011012269110.3390/plants10122691Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Landrace and Released Ethiopian Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) CultivarsMekides Woldegiorgis Gardi0Waqas Ahmed Malik1Bettina I. G. Haussmann2Institute of Cropping Systems and Modelling, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 14, 70599 Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Biostatistics, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, GermanyInstitute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, GermanyBarley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) is an important food security crop due to its high-stress tolerance. This study explored the effects of CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on the growth, yield, and water-use efficiency of Ethiopian barley cultivars (15 landraces, 15 released). Cultivars were grown under two levels of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (400 and 550 ppm) in climate chambers, and each level was replicated three times. A significant positive effect of eCO<sub>2</sub> enrichment was observed on plant height by 9.5 and 6.7%, vegetative biomass by 7.6 and 9.4%, and grain yield by 34.1 and 40.6% in landraces and released cultivars, respectively. The observed increment of grain yield mainly resulted from the significant positive effect of eCO<sub>2</sub> on grain number per plant. The water-use efficiency of vegetative biomass and grain yield significantly increased by 7.9 and 33.3% in landraces, with 9.5 and 42.9% improvement in released cultivars, respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between grain yield and grain number (<i>r</i> = 0.95), harvest index (<i>r</i> = 0.86), and ear biomass (<i>r</i> = 0.85). The response of barley to eCO<sub>2</sub> was cultivar dependent, i.e., the highest grain yield response to eCO<sub>2</sub> was observed for <i>Lan_15</i> (122.3%) and <i>Rel_10</i> (140.2%). However, <i>Lan_13</i>, <i>Land_14</i>, and <i>Rel_3</i> showed reduced grain yield by 16, 25, and 42%, respectively, in response to eCO<sub>2</sub> enrichment. While the released cultivars benefited more from higher levels of CO<sub>2</sub> in relative terms, some landraces displayed better actual values. Under future climate conditions, i.e., future CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, grain yield production could benefit from the promotion of landrace and released cultivars with higher grain numbers and higher levels of water-use efficiency of the grain. The superior cultivars that were identified in the present study represent valuable genetic resources for future barley breeding.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2691barleybiomassCO<sub>2</sub> enrichment<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.water-use efficiencyyield |
| spellingShingle | Mekides Woldegiorgis Gardi Waqas Ahmed Malik Bettina I. G. Haussmann Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Landrace and Released Ethiopian Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Cultivars Plants barley biomass CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. water-use efficiency yield |
| title | Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Landrace and Released Ethiopian Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Cultivars |
| title_full | Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Landrace and Released Ethiopian Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Cultivars |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Landrace and Released Ethiopian Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Cultivars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Landrace and Released Ethiopian Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Cultivars |
| title_short | Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Enrichment on Landrace and Released Ethiopian Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Cultivars |
| title_sort | impacts of carbon dioxide enrichment on landrace and released ethiopian barley i hordeum vulgare i l cultivars |
| topic | barley biomass CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. water-use efficiency yield |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/12/2691 |
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