Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (<i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i>) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies
Parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family include species that cause heavy damage to crops in Mediterranean climate regions. <i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i> is the most common of the Orobanchaceae species in Israel inflicting heavy damage to a wide range of broadleaf crops, in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1182 |
| _version_ | 1797530650061832192 |
|---|---|
| author | Yaakov Goldwasser Onn Rabinovitz Zev Gerstl Ahmed Nasser Amit Paporisch Hadar Kuzikaro Moshe Sibony Baruch Rubin |
| author_facet | Yaakov Goldwasser Onn Rabinovitz Zev Gerstl Ahmed Nasser Amit Paporisch Hadar Kuzikaro Moshe Sibony Baruch Rubin |
| author_sort | Yaakov Goldwasser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family include species that cause heavy damage to crops in Mediterranean climate regions. <i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i> is the most common of the Orobanchaceae species in Israel inflicting heavy damage to a wide range of broadleaf crops, including processing tomatoes. <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> is extremely difficult to control due to its minute and vast number of seeds and its underground association with host plant roots. The highly efficient attachment of the parasite haustoria into the host phloem and xylem enables the diversion of water, assimilates and minerals from the host into the parasite. Drip irrigation is the most common method of irrigation in processing tomatoes in Israel, but the delivery of herbicides via drip irrigation systems (herbigation) has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of these studies was to test, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, the factors involved in the behavior of soil-herbigated imazapic, and the consequential influence of imazapic on <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> and tomato plants. Dose-response Petri dish studies showed that imazapic does not impede <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> seed germination and non-attached seedlings, even at the high rate of 5000 ppb. Imazapic applied to tomato roots inoculated with <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> seeds in a PE bag system revealed that the parasite is killed only after its attachment to the tomato roots, at concentrations as low as 2.5 ppb. Imazapic sorption curves and calculated Kd and Koc values indicated that the herbicide Kd is similar in all soils excluding a two-fold higher coefficient in the Gadash farm soil, while the Koc was similar in all soils except the Eden farm soil, in which it was more than twofold lower. In greenhouse studies, control of <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> was achieved at >2.5 ppb imazapic, but adequate control requires repeated applications due to the 7-day half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) of the herbicide in the soil. Tracking of imazapic in soil and tomato roots revealed that the herbicide accumulates in the tomato host plant roots, but its movement to newly formed roots is limited. The data obtained in the laboratory and greenhouse studies provide invaluable knowledge for devising field imazapic application strategies via drip irrigation systems for efficient and selective broomrape control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:32:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3559976d897c4108a7b4b738ab6a92a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:32:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3559976d897c4108a7b4b738ab6a92a12023-11-21T23:33:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-06-01106118210.3390/plants10061182Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (<i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i>) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse StudiesYaakov Goldwasser0Onn Rabinovitz1Zev Gerstl2Ahmed Nasser3Amit Paporisch4Hadar Kuzikaro5Moshe Sibony6Baruch Rubin7R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelThe Agricultural Extension Service, The Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 28, Bet Dagan 50200, IsraelInstitute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, IsraelInstitute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, IsraelR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelR.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science & Genetics in Agriculture, R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, IsraelParasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family include species that cause heavy damage to crops in Mediterranean climate regions. <i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i> is the most common of the Orobanchaceae species in Israel inflicting heavy damage to a wide range of broadleaf crops, including processing tomatoes. <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> is extremely difficult to control due to its minute and vast number of seeds and its underground association with host plant roots. The highly efficient attachment of the parasite haustoria into the host phloem and xylem enables the diversion of water, assimilates and minerals from the host into the parasite. Drip irrigation is the most common method of irrigation in processing tomatoes in Israel, but the delivery of herbicides via drip irrigation systems (herbigation) has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of these studies was to test, under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, the factors involved in the behavior of soil-herbigated imazapic, and the consequential influence of imazapic on <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> and tomato plants. Dose-response Petri dish studies showed that imazapic does not impede <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> seed germination and non-attached seedlings, even at the high rate of 5000 ppb. Imazapic applied to tomato roots inoculated with <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> seeds in a PE bag system revealed that the parasite is killed only after its attachment to the tomato roots, at concentrations as low as 2.5 ppb. Imazapic sorption curves and calculated Kd and Koc values indicated that the herbicide Kd is similar in all soils excluding a two-fold higher coefficient in the Gadash farm soil, while the Koc was similar in all soils except the Eden farm soil, in which it was more than twofold lower. In greenhouse studies, control of <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> was achieved at >2.5 ppb imazapic, but adequate control requires repeated applications due to the 7-day half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) of the herbicide in the soil. Tracking of imazapic in soil and tomato roots revealed that the herbicide accumulates in the tomato host plant roots, but its movement to newly formed roots is limited. The data obtained in the laboratory and greenhouse studies provide invaluable knowledge for devising field imazapic application strategies via drip irrigation systems for efficient and selective broomrape control.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1182chemigationdrip irrigationEgyptian broomrapeherbicideimazapicparasitic plants |
| spellingShingle | Yaakov Goldwasser Onn Rabinovitz Zev Gerstl Ahmed Nasser Amit Paporisch Hadar Kuzikaro Moshe Sibony Baruch Rubin Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (<i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i>) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies Plants chemigation drip irrigation Egyptian broomrape herbicide imazapic parasitic plants |
| title | Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (<i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i>) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies |
| title_full | Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (<i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i>) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies |
| title_fullStr | Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (<i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i>) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (<i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i>) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies |
| title_short | Imazapic Herbigation for Egyptian Broomrape (<i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca</i>) Control in Processing Tomatoes—Laboratory and Greenhouse Studies |
| title_sort | imazapic herbigation for egyptian broomrape i phelipanche aegyptiaca i control in processing tomatoes laboratory and greenhouse studies |
| topic | chemigation drip irrigation Egyptian broomrape herbicide imazapic parasitic plants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/6/1182 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yaakovgoldwasser imazapicherbigationforegyptianbroomrapeiphelipancheaegyptiacaicontrolinprocessingtomatoeslaboratoryandgreenhousestudies AT onnrabinovitz imazapicherbigationforegyptianbroomrapeiphelipancheaegyptiacaicontrolinprocessingtomatoeslaboratoryandgreenhousestudies AT zevgerstl imazapicherbigationforegyptianbroomrapeiphelipancheaegyptiacaicontrolinprocessingtomatoeslaboratoryandgreenhousestudies AT ahmednasser imazapicherbigationforegyptianbroomrapeiphelipancheaegyptiacaicontrolinprocessingtomatoeslaboratoryandgreenhousestudies AT amitpaporisch imazapicherbigationforegyptianbroomrapeiphelipancheaegyptiacaicontrolinprocessingtomatoeslaboratoryandgreenhousestudies AT hadarkuzikaro imazapicherbigationforegyptianbroomrapeiphelipancheaegyptiacaicontrolinprocessingtomatoeslaboratoryandgreenhousestudies AT moshesibony imazapicherbigationforegyptianbroomrapeiphelipancheaegyptiacaicontrolinprocessingtomatoeslaboratoryandgreenhousestudies AT baruchrubin imazapicherbigationforegyptianbroomrapeiphelipancheaegyptiacaicontrolinprocessingtomatoeslaboratoryandgreenhousestudies |