Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple Myeloma
Objective: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a haematological disease resulting from the neoplastic transformation of plasma cells. The uncontrolled growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow and the delivery of several cytokines causes bone erosion that often does not regress, even in the event of disease re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/9039 |
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| author | Giuseppe Murdaca Alessandro Allegra Francesca Paladin Fabrizio Calapai Caterina Musolino Sebastiano Gangemi |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Murdaca Alessandro Allegra Francesca Paladin Fabrizio Calapai Caterina Musolino Sebastiano Gangemi |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Murdaca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a haematological disease resulting from the neoplastic transformation of plasma cells. The uncontrolled growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow and the delivery of several cytokines causes bone erosion that often does not regress, even in the event of disease remission. MM is characterised by a multi-step evolutionary path, which starts with an early asymptomatic stage defined as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) evolving to overt disease. Data Sources and Study Selection: We have selected scientific publications on the specific topics “alarmis, MGUS, and MM”, drawing from PubMed. The keywords we used were alarmines, MGUS, MM, and immune system. Results: The analysis confirms the pivotal role of molecules such as high-mobility group box-1, heat shock proteins, and S100 proteins in the induction of neoangiogenesis, which represents a milestone in the negative evolution of MM as well as other haematological and non-haematological tumours. Conclusions: Modulation of the host immune system and the inhibition of neoangiogenesis may represent the therapeutic target for the treatment of MM that is capable of promoting better survival and reducing the risk of RRMM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:43:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-35599da01bd84c30981d6a92adf03b9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:43:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-35599da01bd84c30981d6a92adf03b9c2023-11-22T08:04:30ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-08-012216903910.3390/ijms22169039Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple MyelomaGiuseppe Murdaca0Alessandro Allegra1Francesca Paladin2Fabrizio Calapai3Caterina Musolino4Sebastiano Gangemi5Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 20132 Genoa, ItalyDivision of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 20132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ItalyDivision of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyObjective: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a haematological disease resulting from the neoplastic transformation of plasma cells. The uncontrolled growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow and the delivery of several cytokines causes bone erosion that often does not regress, even in the event of disease remission. MM is characterised by a multi-step evolutionary path, which starts with an early asymptomatic stage defined as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) evolving to overt disease. Data Sources and Study Selection: We have selected scientific publications on the specific topics “alarmis, MGUS, and MM”, drawing from PubMed. The keywords we used were alarmines, MGUS, MM, and immune system. Results: The analysis confirms the pivotal role of molecules such as high-mobility group box-1, heat shock proteins, and S100 proteins in the induction of neoangiogenesis, which represents a milestone in the negative evolution of MM as well as other haematological and non-haematological tumours. Conclusions: Modulation of the host immune system and the inhibition of neoangiogenesis may represent the therapeutic target for the treatment of MM that is capable of promoting better survival and reducing the risk of RRMM.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/9039alarminscytokinesmultiple myeloma |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Murdaca Alessandro Allegra Francesca Paladin Fabrizio Calapai Caterina Musolino Sebastiano Gangemi Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple Myeloma International Journal of Molecular Sciences alarmins cytokines multiple myeloma |
| title | Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple Myeloma |
| title_full | Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple Myeloma |
| title_fullStr | Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple Myeloma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple Myeloma |
| title_short | Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple Myeloma |
| title_sort | involvement of alarmins in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple myeloma |
| topic | alarmins cytokines multiple myeloma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/9039 |
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