Susceptibility of Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) to AIP56, an AB-Type Toxin Secreted by <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i>
<i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> (<i>Phdp</i>) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects a large number of marine fish species in Europe, Asia, and America, both in aquacultures and in the natural environment. Among the affected hosts are eco...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/2/119 |
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| author | Inês Lua Freitas Alexandra Teixeira Inês Loureiro Johnny Lisboa Aurélia Saraiva Nuno Miguel Simões dos Santos Ana do Vale |
| author_facet | Inês Lua Freitas Alexandra Teixeira Inês Loureiro Johnny Lisboa Aurélia Saraiva Nuno Miguel Simões dos Santos Ana do Vale |
| author_sort | Inês Lua Freitas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> (<i>Phdp</i>) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects a large number of marine fish species in Europe, Asia, and America, both in aquacultures and in the natural environment. Among the affected hosts are economically important cultured fish, such as sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>), sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>), yellowtail (<i>Seriola quinqueradiata</i>), and cobia (<i>Rachycentron canadum</i>). The best characterized virulence factor of <i>Phdp</i> is the Apoptosis-Inducing Protein of 56 kDa (AIP56), a secreted AB-type toxin that has been shown to induce apoptosis of sea bass phagocytes during infection. AIP56 has an A subunit that displays metalloprotease activity against NF-kB p65 and a B subunit that mediates binding and internalization of the A subunit in susceptible cells. Despite the fact that the <i>aip56</i> gene is highly prevalent in <i>Phdp</i> isolates from different fish species, the toxicity of AIP56 has only been studied in sea bass. In the present study, the toxicity of AIP56 for sea bream was evaluated. Ex vivo assays showed that sea bream phagocytes are resistant to AIP56 cytotoxicity and that resistance was associated with an inefficient internalization of the toxin by those cells. Accordingly, in vivo intoxication assays revealed that sea bream is much more resistant to AIP56-induced lethality than sea bass. These findings, showing that the effect of AIP56 is different in sea bass and sea bream, set the basis for future studies to characterize the effects of AIP56 and to fully elucidate its virulence role in different <i>Phdp</i> susceptible hosts. |
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| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:55:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-355c9227beea4d7ba24d626f3dbde5042023-11-23T22:21:41ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-02-0114211910.3390/toxins14020119Susceptibility of Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) to AIP56, an AB-Type Toxin Secreted by <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i>Inês Lua Freitas0Alexandra Teixeira1Inês Loureiro2Johnny Lisboa3Aurélia Saraiva4Nuno Miguel Simões dos Santos5Ana do Vale6Fish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalFish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalFish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalFish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalBiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalFish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalFish Immunology and Vaccinology Group, IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal<i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> (<i>Phdp</i>) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects a large number of marine fish species in Europe, Asia, and America, both in aquacultures and in the natural environment. Among the affected hosts are economically important cultured fish, such as sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>), sea bass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>), yellowtail (<i>Seriola quinqueradiata</i>), and cobia (<i>Rachycentron canadum</i>). The best characterized virulence factor of <i>Phdp</i> is the Apoptosis-Inducing Protein of 56 kDa (AIP56), a secreted AB-type toxin that has been shown to induce apoptosis of sea bass phagocytes during infection. AIP56 has an A subunit that displays metalloprotease activity against NF-kB p65 and a B subunit that mediates binding and internalization of the A subunit in susceptible cells. Despite the fact that the <i>aip56</i> gene is highly prevalent in <i>Phdp</i> isolates from different fish species, the toxicity of AIP56 has only been studied in sea bass. In the present study, the toxicity of AIP56 for sea bream was evaluated. Ex vivo assays showed that sea bream phagocytes are resistant to AIP56 cytotoxicity and that resistance was associated with an inefficient internalization of the toxin by those cells. Accordingly, in vivo intoxication assays revealed that sea bream is much more resistant to AIP56-induced lethality than sea bass. These findings, showing that the effect of AIP56 is different in sea bass and sea bream, set the basis for future studies to characterize the effects of AIP56 and to fully elucidate its virulence role in different <i>Phdp</i> susceptible hosts.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/2/119photobacteriosispseudotuberculosisfish pasteurellosis<i>Sparus aurata</i><i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i>AIP56 |
| spellingShingle | Inês Lua Freitas Alexandra Teixeira Inês Loureiro Johnny Lisboa Aurélia Saraiva Nuno Miguel Simões dos Santos Ana do Vale Susceptibility of Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) to AIP56, an AB-Type Toxin Secreted by <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> Toxins photobacteriosis pseudotuberculosis fish pasteurellosis <i>Sparus aurata</i> <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> AIP56 |
| title | Susceptibility of Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) to AIP56, an AB-Type Toxin Secreted by <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> |
| title_full | Susceptibility of Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) to AIP56, an AB-Type Toxin Secreted by <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> |
| title_fullStr | Susceptibility of Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) to AIP56, an AB-Type Toxin Secreted by <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Susceptibility of Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) to AIP56, an AB-Type Toxin Secreted by <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> |
| title_short | Susceptibility of Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) to AIP56, an AB-Type Toxin Secreted by <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> |
| title_sort | susceptibility of sea bream i sparus aurata i to aip56 an ab type toxin secreted by i photobacterium damselae i subsp i piscicida i |
| topic | photobacteriosis pseudotuberculosis fish pasteurellosis <i>Sparus aurata</i> <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> AIP56 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/2/119 |
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