| Summary: | In this research, waste chicken eggshells and palm oil mill boiler ash were utilized as heterogeneous solid base catalysts in biodiesel synthesis. The utilization of solid waste as a catalyst source can increase economic value and is an environmentally friendly process. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of catalyst for biodiesel synthesis using palm oil. Eggshell-nano-CaO was impregnated with various palm ash concentrations (10–50 wt%) and various calcination temperatures (600°C-900 °C), followed by drying and calcination. Biodiesel synthesis using palm oil was conducted at 60 °C, 15:1 methanol ratio, and 500 rpm. It was also conducted with various catalyst concentrations (2–5 wt%) and reaction times (60–180 min). The average particle size of eggshell-nano-CaO is 24.98 nm. At 800 °C, the calcination temperature has the highest surface area of 21.483 m2/g with an average pore size of 5.331 nm and a pore volume of 0.057 cc/g. In addition, catalyst has high basicity, which is 8 mmol/g. The maximum yield of 97% methyl ester content was obtained with 20 wt% palm ash concentration and 800 ᵒC calcination temperature. Heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste chicken eggshells and palm shell ash have high potential as solid-base catalysts in biodiesel synthesis.
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