Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> to <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> Infection
<i>Mikania micrantha</i> is one of the worst invasive species globally and can cause significant negative impacts on agricultural and forestry economics, particularly in Asia and the Pacific region. The rust <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> has been used successfully as a biologic...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/678 |
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| author | Xinghai Ren Guangzhong Zhang Mengjiao Jin Fanghao Wan Michael D. Day Wanqiang Qian Bo Liu |
| author_facet | Xinghai Ren Guangzhong Zhang Mengjiao Jin Fanghao Wan Michael D. Day Wanqiang Qian Bo Liu |
| author_sort | Xinghai Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Mikania micrantha</i> is one of the worst invasive species globally and can cause significant negative impacts on agricultural and forestry economics, particularly in Asia and the Pacific region. The rust <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> has been used successfully as a biological control agent in several countries to help manage <i>M. micrantha</i>. However, the response mechanisms of <i>M. micrantha</i> to <i>P. spegazzinii</i> infection have never been studied. To investigate the response of <i>M. micrantha</i> to infection by <i>P. spegazzinii</i>, an integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed. The levels of 74 metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites in <i>M. micrantha</i> infected with <i>P. spegazzinii</i>, were significantly different compared to those in plants that were not infected. After <i>P. spegazzinii</i> infection, the expression of the TCA cycle gene was significantly induced to participate in energy biosynthesis and produce more ATP. The content of most amino acids, such as L-isoleucine, L-tryptophan and L-citrulline, increased. In addition, phytoalexins, such as maackiain, nobiletin, vasicin, arachidonic acid, and JA-Ile, accumulated in <i>M. micrantha</i>. A total of 4978 differentially expressed genes were identified in <i>M. micrantha</i> infected by <i>P. spegazzinii</i>. Many key genes of <i>M. micrantha</i> in the PTI (pattern-triggered immunity) and ETI (effector-triggered immunity) pathways showed significantly higher expression under <i>P. spegazzinii</i> infection. Through these reactions, <i>M. micrantha</i> is able to resist the infection of <i>P. spegazzinii</i> and maintain its growth. These results are helpful for us to understand the changes in metabolites and gene expression in <i>M. micrantha</i> after being infected by <i>P. spegazzinii</i>. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for weakening the defense response of <i>M. micrantha</i> to <i>P. spegazzinii</i>, and for <i>P. spegazzinii</i> as a long-term biological control agent of <i>M. micrantha</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:58:59Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:58:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3568d523bb644ca9803390d8deabeaac2023-12-01T01:22:31ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-03-0111367810.3390/microorganisms11030678Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> to <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> InfectionXinghai Ren0Guangzhong Zhang1Mengjiao Jin2Fanghao Wan3Michael D. Day4Wanqiang Qian5Bo Liu6Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaDepartment of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD 4001, AustraliaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, ChinaShenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China<i>Mikania micrantha</i> is one of the worst invasive species globally and can cause significant negative impacts on agricultural and forestry economics, particularly in Asia and the Pacific region. The rust <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> has been used successfully as a biological control agent in several countries to help manage <i>M. micrantha</i>. However, the response mechanisms of <i>M. micrantha</i> to <i>P. spegazzinii</i> infection have never been studied. To investigate the response of <i>M. micrantha</i> to infection by <i>P. spegazzinii</i>, an integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics was performed. The levels of 74 metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites in <i>M. micrantha</i> infected with <i>P. spegazzinii</i>, were significantly different compared to those in plants that were not infected. After <i>P. spegazzinii</i> infection, the expression of the TCA cycle gene was significantly induced to participate in energy biosynthesis and produce more ATP. The content of most amino acids, such as L-isoleucine, L-tryptophan and L-citrulline, increased. In addition, phytoalexins, such as maackiain, nobiletin, vasicin, arachidonic acid, and JA-Ile, accumulated in <i>M. micrantha</i>. A total of 4978 differentially expressed genes were identified in <i>M. micrantha</i> infected by <i>P. spegazzinii</i>. Many key genes of <i>M. micrantha</i> in the PTI (pattern-triggered immunity) and ETI (effector-triggered immunity) pathways showed significantly higher expression under <i>P. spegazzinii</i> infection. Through these reactions, <i>M. micrantha</i> is able to resist the infection of <i>P. spegazzinii</i> and maintain its growth. These results are helpful for us to understand the changes in metabolites and gene expression in <i>M. micrantha</i> after being infected by <i>P. spegazzinii</i>. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for weakening the defense response of <i>M. micrantha</i> to <i>P. spegazzinii</i>, and for <i>P. spegazzinii</i> as a long-term biological control agent of <i>M. micrantha</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/678transcriptomemetabolomeimmune responsebiological controlPucciniales |
| spellingShingle | Xinghai Ren Guangzhong Zhang Mengjiao Jin Fanghao Wan Michael D. Day Wanqiang Qian Bo Liu Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> to <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> Infection Microorganisms transcriptome metabolome immune response biological control Pucciniales |
| title | Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> to <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> Infection |
| title_full | Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> to <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> Infection |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> to <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> to <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> Infection |
| title_short | Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal the Response Mechanisms of <i>Mikania micrantha</i> to <i>Puccinia spegazzinii</i> Infection |
| title_sort | metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the response mechanisms of i mikania micrantha i to i puccinia spegazzinii i infection |
| topic | transcriptome metabolome immune response biological control Pucciniales |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/3/678 |
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