Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China
The incentive policies of new energy vehicles substantially promoted the development of the electrical vehicles technology and industry in China. However, the environmental impact of the key technology parameters progress on the battery electrical vehicles (BEV) is uncertain, and the BEV matching di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5321 |
| _version_ | 1797414161777426432 |
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| author | Yang Yang Libo Lan Zhuo Hao Jianyou Zhao Geng Luo Pei Fu Yisong Chen |
| author_facet | Yang Yang Libo Lan Zhuo Hao Jianyou Zhao Geng Luo Pei Fu Yisong Chen |
| author_sort | Yang Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The incentive policies of new energy vehicles substantially promoted the development of the electrical vehicles technology and industry in China. However, the environmental impact of the key technology parameters progress on the battery electrical vehicles (BEV) is uncertain, and the BEV matching different lithium-ion power batteries shows different environmental burdens. This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a BEV matching four different power batteries of lithium-ion phosphate (LFP), lithium-ion nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), and lithium titanate oxide (LTO) batteries. In addition, the 2025 and 2030 prediction analyses of the batteries production and life cycle BEV are conducted with the specially considered change and progress of the power battery energy density, battery manufacturing energy consumption, electricity structure, battery charge efficiency, and vehicle lightweight level. In addition, sensitivity analyses of power battery energy density, battery manufacturing energy consumption, electricity structure, and battery charge efficiency are conducted. The results show that the LFP battery is more environmentally friendly in the global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP), and the NCM battery is more environmentally friendly in abiotic depletion (fossil) (ADP(f)) and human toxicity potential (HTP). However, the LTO battery shows the highest environmental impact among the four environmental impact categories due to the lower energy density. For life cycle BEV, GWP and ADP(f) of BEV based on LFP, NCM, and LMO are lower than those of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), while AP and HTP of BEV based on the four batteries are higher than those of ICEV. The grave-to-cradle (GTC) phase of vehicle has substantial environmental benefit to reduce the human toxicity emission. With the improvement of the battery density, battery charge efficiency, electricity structure, and glider lightweight level, life cycle BEVs based on the four different batteries show substantial environmental benefits for four environmental impact categories. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:29:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-356a445915f141e68154ffe2c484c267 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:29:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-356a445915f141e68154ffe2c484c2672023-12-03T12:34:18ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-07-011515532110.3390/en15155321Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in ChinaYang Yang0Libo Lan1Zhuo Hao2Jianyou Zhao3Geng Luo4Pei Fu5Yisong Chen6College of Transportation Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaThe incentive policies of new energy vehicles substantially promoted the development of the electrical vehicles technology and industry in China. However, the environmental impact of the key technology parameters progress on the battery electrical vehicles (BEV) is uncertain, and the BEV matching different lithium-ion power batteries shows different environmental burdens. This study conducts a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a BEV matching four different power batteries of lithium-ion phosphate (LFP), lithium-ion nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM), lithium manganese oxide (LMO), and lithium titanate oxide (LTO) batteries. In addition, the 2025 and 2030 prediction analyses of the batteries production and life cycle BEV are conducted with the specially considered change and progress of the power battery energy density, battery manufacturing energy consumption, electricity structure, battery charge efficiency, and vehicle lightweight level. In addition, sensitivity analyses of power battery energy density, battery manufacturing energy consumption, electricity structure, and battery charge efficiency are conducted. The results show that the LFP battery is more environmentally friendly in the global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP), and the NCM battery is more environmentally friendly in abiotic depletion (fossil) (ADP(f)) and human toxicity potential (HTP). However, the LTO battery shows the highest environmental impact among the four environmental impact categories due to the lower energy density. For life cycle BEV, GWP and ADP(f) of BEV based on LFP, NCM, and LMO are lower than those of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV), while AP and HTP of BEV based on the four batteries are higher than those of ICEV. The grave-to-cradle (GTC) phase of vehicle has substantial environmental benefit to reduce the human toxicity emission. With the improvement of the battery density, battery charge efficiency, electricity structure, and glider lightweight level, life cycle BEVs based on the four different batteries show substantial environmental benefits for four environmental impact categories.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5321battery electrical vehicle (BEV)lithium-ion power batterylife cycle assessmentprediction analysisglobal warming potential (GWP)sensitivity analysis |
| spellingShingle | Yang Yang Libo Lan Zhuo Hao Jianyou Zhao Geng Luo Pei Fu Yisong Chen Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China Energies battery electrical vehicle (BEV) lithium-ion power battery life cycle assessment prediction analysis global warming potential (GWP) sensitivity analysis |
| title | Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China |
| title_full | Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China |
| title_fullStr | Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China |
| title_short | Life Cycle Prediction Assessment of Battery Electrical Vehicles with Special Focus on Different Lithium-Ion Power Batteries in China |
| title_sort | life cycle prediction assessment of battery electrical vehicles with special focus on different lithium ion power batteries in china |
| topic | battery electrical vehicle (BEV) lithium-ion power battery life cycle assessment prediction analysis global warming potential (GWP) sensitivity analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5321 |
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