The effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid-base balance and potassium kinetics: a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletes
Abstract Background Exercise-induced disturbance of acid-base balance and accumulation of extracellular potassium (K+) are suggested to elicit fatigue. Exercise under hypoxic conditions may augment exercise-induced alterations of these two factors compared with exercise under normoxia. In the presen...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Sports Medicine - Open |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40798-018-0160-1 |
| _version_ | 1818548777149005824 |
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| author | Daichi Sumi Chihiro Kojima Nobukazu Kasai Kazushige Goto |
| author_facet | Daichi Sumi Chihiro Kojima Nobukazu Kasai Kazushige Goto |
| author_sort | Daichi Sumi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Exercise-induced disturbance of acid-base balance and accumulation of extracellular potassium (K+) are suggested to elicit fatigue. Exercise under hypoxic conditions may augment exercise-induced alterations of these two factors compared with exercise under normoxia. In the present study, we investigated acid-base balance and potassium kinetics in response to exercise under moderate hypoxic conditions in endurance athletes. Methods Nine trained middle-to-long distance athletes [maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 57.2 ± 1.0 mL/kg/min] completed two different trials on different days, consisting of exercise in moderate hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) = 14.5%, H trial] and exercise in normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%, N trial). They performed interval endurance exercise (8 × 4 min pedaling at 80% of VO2max alternated with 2-min intervals of active rest at 40% of VO2max) under hypoxic or normoxic conditions. Venous blood samples were obtained to determine blood lactate, pH, bicarbonate ion, and K+ concentrations before exercise, during exercise, and after exercise. Results The blood lactate concentrations increased significantly with exercise in both trials. Exercise-induced blood lactate elevations were significantly greater in the N trial than in the H trial at all time points (P = 0.012). Bicarbonate ion concentrations (P = 0.001) and blood pH (P = 0.019) during exercise and post-exercise periods were significantly lower in the N trial than in the H trial. A significantly greater exercise-induced elevation in blood K+ concentration was produced in the N trial than in the H trial during exercise and immediately after exercise (P = 0.03). Conclusions High-intensity interval exercise on a cycle ergometer under moderate hypoxic conditions did not elicit a decrease in blood pH or elevation in K+ levels compared with an equivalent level of exercise under normoxic conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:24:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-356c63b5a3c346f1bb2ae2eedd72e892 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2199-1170 2198-9761 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:24:42Z |
| publishDate | 2018-10-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports Medicine - Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-356c63b5a3c346f1bb2ae2eedd72e8922022-12-22T00:31:18ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2199-11702198-97612018-10-01411810.1186/s40798-018-0160-1The effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid-base balance and potassium kinetics: a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletesDaichi Sumi0Chihiro Kojima1Nobukazu Kasai2Kazushige Goto3Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan UniversityGraduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan UniversityGraduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan UniversityGraduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan UniversityAbstract Background Exercise-induced disturbance of acid-base balance and accumulation of extracellular potassium (K+) are suggested to elicit fatigue. Exercise under hypoxic conditions may augment exercise-induced alterations of these two factors compared with exercise under normoxia. In the present study, we investigated acid-base balance and potassium kinetics in response to exercise under moderate hypoxic conditions in endurance athletes. Methods Nine trained middle-to-long distance athletes [maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 57.2 ± 1.0 mL/kg/min] completed two different trials on different days, consisting of exercise in moderate hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) = 14.5%, H trial] and exercise in normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%, N trial). They performed interval endurance exercise (8 × 4 min pedaling at 80% of VO2max alternated with 2-min intervals of active rest at 40% of VO2max) under hypoxic or normoxic conditions. Venous blood samples were obtained to determine blood lactate, pH, bicarbonate ion, and K+ concentrations before exercise, during exercise, and after exercise. Results The blood lactate concentrations increased significantly with exercise in both trials. Exercise-induced blood lactate elevations were significantly greater in the N trial than in the H trial at all time points (P = 0.012). Bicarbonate ion concentrations (P = 0.001) and blood pH (P = 0.019) during exercise and post-exercise periods were significantly lower in the N trial than in the H trial. A significantly greater exercise-induced elevation in blood K+ concentration was produced in the N trial than in the H trial during exercise and immediately after exercise (P = 0.03). Conclusions High-intensity interval exercise on a cycle ergometer under moderate hypoxic conditions did not elicit a decrease in blood pH or elevation in K+ levels compared with an equivalent level of exercise under normoxic conditions.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40798-018-0160-1HypoxiaEndurance exerciseAcid-base balancePotassium |
| spellingShingle | Daichi Sumi Chihiro Kojima Nobukazu Kasai Kazushige Goto The effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid-base balance and potassium kinetics: a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletes Sports Medicine - Open Hypoxia Endurance exercise Acid-base balance Potassium |
| title | The effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid-base balance and potassium kinetics: a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletes |
| title_full | The effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid-base balance and potassium kinetics: a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletes |
| title_fullStr | The effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid-base balance and potassium kinetics: a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid-base balance and potassium kinetics: a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletes |
| title_short | The effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid-base balance and potassium kinetics: a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletes |
| title_sort | effects of endurance exercise in hypoxia on acid base balance and potassium kinetics a randomized crossover design in male endurance athletes |
| topic | Hypoxia Endurance exercise Acid-base balance Potassium |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40798-018-0160-1 |
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