Three-dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscope
Abstract Background In the present study, three-dimensional application of confocal microscope is explored. The aim is to determine the sequence of intersecting lines written on a questioned document as a non-destructive technique. The authors have tested the Nikon confocal A1 microscope on two majo...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41935-019-0120-z |
| _version_ | 1828875634330304512 |
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| author | Manisha Mann Seema Rani Pathak Sudhir Kumar Shukla |
| author_facet | Manisha Mann Seema Rani Pathak Sudhir Kumar Shukla |
| author_sort | Manisha Mann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In the present study, three-dimensional application of confocal microscope is explored. The aim is to determine the sequence of intersecting lines written on a questioned document as a non-destructive technique. The authors have tested the Nikon confocal A1 microscope on two major criteria. The criterion 1 focuses on the analysis of homogenous intersecting lines, whereas the criterion 2 focuses on the effect of pen pressure on the sequence of the strokes. Fifty-four and 42 samples from criterion 1 and criterion 2 respectively were examined. All the intersecting strokes were homogeneous and in either black- or blue-coloured ink. They were made from glycol-based (ballpoint pen) and liquid-based (fountain pen and gel pen) inks. Result The authors were able to determine the correct sequence of homogeneous intersecting lines in 81 and 83% of the average data of samples for criterion 1 (the analysis of homogenous intersecting lines) and criterion 2 (the effect of pen pressure on the sequence of the strokes) respectively. Conclusion The confocal microscope proved to be a reliable and precise technique for analysing the homogeneous intersected lines made by any pen pressure beyond all the errors during interpretation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:03:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-357a333390be410489f55c98bfb70204 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2090-5939 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:03:00Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-357a333390be410489f55c98bfb702042022-12-21T23:54:22ZengSpringerOpenEgyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences2090-59392019-03-01911910.1186/s41935-019-0120-zThree-dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscopeManisha Mann0Seema Rani Pathak1Sudhir Kumar Shukla2Department of Chemistry, Bio-chemistry and Forensic Sciences, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University HaryanaDepartment of Chemistry, Bio-chemistry and Forensic Sciences, Amity School of Applied Sciences, Amity University HaryanaAmity Institute of Forensic Sciences (AIFS), Amity UniversityAbstract Background In the present study, three-dimensional application of confocal microscope is explored. The aim is to determine the sequence of intersecting lines written on a questioned document as a non-destructive technique. The authors have tested the Nikon confocal A1 microscope on two major criteria. The criterion 1 focuses on the analysis of homogenous intersecting lines, whereas the criterion 2 focuses on the effect of pen pressure on the sequence of the strokes. Fifty-four and 42 samples from criterion 1 and criterion 2 respectively were examined. All the intersecting strokes were homogeneous and in either black- or blue-coloured ink. They were made from glycol-based (ballpoint pen) and liquid-based (fountain pen and gel pen) inks. Result The authors were able to determine the correct sequence of homogeneous intersecting lines in 81 and 83% of the average data of samples for criterion 1 (the analysis of homogenous intersecting lines) and criterion 2 (the effect of pen pressure on the sequence of the strokes) respectively. Conclusion The confocal microscope proved to be a reliable and precise technique for analysing the homogeneous intersected lines made by any pen pressure beyond all the errors during interpretation.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41935-019-0120-zSequence of intersecting linesHomogenous inkPen pressureGlycol-based inkLiquid-based ink |
| spellingShingle | Manisha Mann Seema Rani Pathak Sudhir Kumar Shukla Three-dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscope Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences Sequence of intersecting lines Homogenous ink Pen pressure Glycol-based ink Liquid-based ink |
| title | Three-dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscope |
| title_full | Three-dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscope |
| title_fullStr | Three-dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscope |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscope |
| title_short | Three-dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscope |
| title_sort | three dimensional detection of sequence of strokes using confocal microscope |
| topic | Sequence of intersecting lines Homogenous ink Pen pressure Glycol-based ink Liquid-based ink |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41935-019-0120-z |
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