Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles
Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) should control the energy management between two energy sources for fuel economy, using the stored energy in a battery or generation of energy through a fuel cell system. The fuel economy for an FCV includes trip costs for hydrogen consumption and the lifetime of two energy...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/6/2131 |
| _version_ | 1797471779500851200 |
|---|---|
| author | Juhui Gim Minsu Kim Changsun Ahn |
| author_facet | Juhui Gim Minsu Kim Changsun Ahn |
| author_sort | Juhui Gim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) should control the energy management between two energy sources for fuel economy, using the stored energy in a battery or generation of energy through a fuel cell system. The fuel economy for an FCV includes trip costs for hydrogen consumption and the lifetime of two energy sources. This paper proposes an implementable energy management control strategy for an FCV to reduce trip costs. The concept of the proposed control strategy is first to analyze the allowable current of a fuel cell system from the optimal strategies for various initial battery state of charge (SOC) conditions using dynamic programming (DP), and second, to find a modulation ratio determining the current of a fuel cell system for driving a vehicle using the particle swarm optimization method. The control strategy presents the on/off moment of a fuel cell system and the proper modulation ratio of the turned-on fuel cell system with respect to the battery SOC and the power demand. The proposed strategy reduces trip costs in real-time, similar to the DP-based optimal strategy, and more than the simple energy control strategy of switching a fuel cell system on/off at the battery SOC boundary conditions even for long-term driving cycles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:52:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-359013dfeda44adb8f3fc3a574276a36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:52:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-359013dfeda44adb8f3fc3a574276a362023-11-24T01:04:59ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-03-01156213110.3390/en15062131Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric VehiclesJuhui Gim0Minsu Kim1Changsun Ahn2School of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaFuel cell vehicles (FCVs) should control the energy management between two energy sources for fuel economy, using the stored energy in a battery or generation of energy through a fuel cell system. The fuel economy for an FCV includes trip costs for hydrogen consumption and the lifetime of two energy sources. This paper proposes an implementable energy management control strategy for an FCV to reduce trip costs. The concept of the proposed control strategy is first to analyze the allowable current of a fuel cell system from the optimal strategies for various initial battery state of charge (SOC) conditions using dynamic programming (DP), and second, to find a modulation ratio determining the current of a fuel cell system for driving a vehicle using the particle swarm optimization method. The control strategy presents the on/off moment of a fuel cell system and the proper modulation ratio of the turned-on fuel cell system with respect to the battery SOC and the power demand. The proposed strategy reduces trip costs in real-time, similar to the DP-based optimal strategy, and more than the simple energy control strategy of switching a fuel cell system on/off at the battery SOC boundary conditions even for long-term driving cycles.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/6/2131fuel cell vehiclesenergy management control strategyfuel cell system operation optimizationdynamic programmingoptimal rule extraction |
| spellingShingle | Juhui Gim Minsu Kim Changsun Ahn Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles Energies fuel cell vehicles energy management control strategy fuel cell system operation optimization dynamic programming optimal rule extraction |
| title | Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles |
| title_full | Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles |
| title_short | Energy Management Control Strategy for Saving Trip Costs of Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles |
| title_sort | energy management control strategy for saving trip costs of fuel cell battery electric vehicles |
| topic | fuel cell vehicles energy management control strategy fuel cell system operation optimization dynamic programming optimal rule extraction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/6/2131 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juhuigim energymanagementcontrolstrategyforsavingtripcostsoffuelcellbatteryelectricvehicles AT minsukim energymanagementcontrolstrategyforsavingtripcostsoffuelcellbatteryelectricvehicles AT changsunahn energymanagementcontrolstrategyforsavingtripcostsoffuelcellbatteryelectricvehicles |